This page describes the organizational forces that limit change.
It explains how to overcome
them when necessary.
This page uses an example to illustrate how:
- A business can gain focus from targeting key customers,
- Business planning activities performed by the whole organization can build awareness, empowerment and coherence.
- A program approach can ensure strategic alignment.
This page uses the example of HP's printer organization freeing
itself from its organizational constraints to sell a printer
targeted at the IBM pc user.
The constraints are described.
The techniques to overcome them are implied.
The constraints are described.
The techniques to overcome them are implied.
My song
Summary
Reginald Dwight, better known as Elton John, writes a hilarious memoir, full of anecdotal and sometimes morbid humor and gossip is an evolved mechanism to enforce: fairness, indirect reciprocity, and avoidance of despotism. It allows: reality testing, transfer of news, and consensus building; to maintain norms. Barkow notes reputation is determined by gossip, with casual conversations of others affecting a person's relative standing and acceptability as a mate and partner in a social exchange. It is a favorite passtime., which describes his immediate family, upbringing, development is a phase during the operation of a CAS agent. It allows for schematic strategies to be iteratively blended with environmental signals to solve the logistical issues of migrating newly built and transformed sub-agents. That is needed to achieve the adult configuration of the agent and optimize it for the proximate environment. Smiley includes examples of the developmental phase agents required in an emergent CAS. In situations where parents invest in the growth and memetic learning of their offspring the schematic grab bag can support optimizations to develop models, structures and actions to construct an adept adult. In humans, adolescence leverages neural plasticity, elder sibling advice and adult coaching to help prepare the deploying neuronal network and body to successfully compete.
as a singer songwriter, stardom and its support for his problems, collapse and eventual recovery.
Elton stresses the serendipitous nature of his emergence as a musician is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
. He describes the contributions of his parents, Stanley was Reg's father, who worked in the Royal Air Force, but also played trumpet in a band, through which he met his first wife Sheila - who came to watch. He also loved football (soccer) and his nephews were professional footballers. He was often away from home, was stubborn and rule bound when he was there, had a terrible short temper, was always critical of Reg, and arguing with his wife. After they divorced he remarried and had four more boys who adored him. But he was never able to show any affection to Reg. He died in 1991 and Reg could not bring himself to attend the funeral.
& Sheila was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
, mother's sister, and her mother Ivy was Reg Dwight's maternal grandmother. He recalls her as: no nonsense, hard-working, kind, funny, a great cook, loved a drink and a game of cards. She always had music playing, from the radio, record player or their piano. After her first husband died of cancer, she had remarried Horace Sewell, who was a gardener, introverted, had lost a leg in the Great War and was kind.
; who formed his early childhood proximate environment which prepared him for a job in entertainment: he developed his performance in the club circuits, setup a commercial partnership with Bernie Taupin to write songs; entering a network based around Dick James Music (DJM):
- Is a music production company in New Oxford Street, London
- Administered Ray Williams of Liberty Records, production company
- Employed Caleb Quaye as in-house engineer. And Steve Brown as studio manager.
- Dick James funded Elton John and Bernie Taupin's song publishing, paying Elton extra to sing and play piano on the demo recordings. Once James realized the potential of Elton & Bernie's second album he drove it and them through the evolved amplifier of American entertainment and communications.
- Tony King worked on publishing and promotion for George Martin's association of independent record producers (AIR) from a desk he rented from DJM. He influenced Elton's style, introduced him to his network of friends, and helped him find work as a session musician.
DJM is Dick James Music:
- Is a music production company in New Oxford Street,
London
- Administered Ray Williams of Liberty Records,
production company
- Employed Caleb Quaye as
in-house engineer. And Steve Brown as studio
manager.
- Dick James funded Elton John
and Bernie Taupin's song publishing, paying Elton extra to
sing and play piano on the demo recordings. Once
James realized the potential of Elton & Bernie's
second album he drove it and them through the evolved amplifier of American
entertainment and communications.
- Tony King worked on
publishing and promotion for George Martin's association
of independent record producers (AIR) from a desk he
rented from DJM. He influenced Elton's style,
introduced him to his network of friends, and helped him
find work as a session musician.
level ramped. Life changed dramatically.
Stardom provided many rewards but there were still life's problems to deal with. Elton was befriended by his idol, John Lennon; he achieved new heights of success but, sensitive to any hint of failure and fraud, suicidally disassociated.
His career crested, he struggled with loneliness and drugs, and foresaw a fearful vision of his future, as fame caged him idly in hotels between concerts. His hair abandoned him. But he was saved by the challenge of transforming the collapsed Watford football club. He retired from touring which allowed him the time to reconstruct his life.
Empowered by success, supported by the removal of constraints, Elton dominates signals the power to hurt a rival. Maynard Smith & Parker explain that in group situations females compete for food and males compete for females. Maleness is a huge factor for violence. Fighting to the death is costly for all participants so instead they indicate:
- Size and weapons to demonstrate who will win. Males who are, or look like, better fighters: Large heads, Big men, Height; gain in dominance.
- Political acumen to demonstrate they won't be pushed around and have the support of other powerful groups. Dominant males push other rivals aside and gain interest of females, enabling themselves to replicate more. Being a signal its authenticity can be challenged and so must be defended to remain credible. Hotheads leverage the doomsday machine to constrain rational challenges. Bands and cultures leverage honor. Youth and lack of resources reduce the power of rivals' political constraints.
and marrying Renata.
He allows his drug use to enter the recording studio. Problems stress him. He is frightened by a cancer is the out-of-control growth of cells, which have stopped obeying their cooperative schematic planning and signalling infrastructure. It results from compounded: oncogene, tumor suppressor, DNA caretaker; mutations in the DNA. In 2010 one third of Americans are likely to die of cancer. Cell division rates did not predict likelihood of cancer. Viral infections are associated. Radiation and carcinogen exposure are associated. Lifestyle impacts the likelihood of cancer occurring: Drinking alcohol to excess, lack of exercise, Obesity, Smoking, More sun than your evolved melanin protection level; all significantly increase the risk of cancer occurring (Jul 2016).
scare, AIDS is acquired auto-immune deficiency syndrome, a pandemic disease caused by the HIV. It also amplifies the threat of tuberculosis. Initially deadly, infecting and destroying the T-lymphocytes of the immune system, it can now be treated with HAART to become a chronic disease. And with an understanding of HIV's mode of entry into the T-cells, through its binding to CCR5 and CD4 encoded transmembrane proteins, AIDS may be susceptible to treatment with recombinant DNA to alter the CCR5 binding site, or with drugs that bind to the CCR5 cell surface protein preventing binding by the virus. Future optimization of drug delivery may leverage nanoscale research (May 2016).
, inspired by Ryan White, angered is an emotion which protects a person who has been cheated by a supposed friend. When the exploitation of the altruism is discovered, Steven Pinker explains, the result is a drive for moralistic aggression to hurt the cheater. Anger is mostly experienced as a rapid wave that then quickly dissipates. When it is repressed, for example by a strong moral sense (superego), it can sustain, inducing long term stress.
by the Sun, and saddened is a feeling, which can induce empathy and compassion. It can last for days, in contrast to the emotions, fear & anger. Mild sadness induces a beneficial state in the brain: improved judgment, memory, motivation, and more socially sensitive and generous.
at breaking Renata's heart. But he was there for Ryan White's final days. And his lover Hugh Williams confronted Elton about his string of addictions results from changes in the operation of the brain's reward network's regulatory regions, altering the anticipation of rewards. Addictive drugs mediate the receptors of the reward network, increasing dopamine in the pleasure centers of the cortex. The learned association of the situation with the reward makes addiction highly prone to relapse, when the situation is subsequently experienced. This makes addiction a chronic disease, where the sufferer must remain vigilant to avoid relapse inducing situations. Repeated exposure to the addictive drug alters the reward network. The neurons that produce dopamine are impaired, no longer sending dopamine to the reward target areas, reducing the feeling of pleasure. But the situational association remains strong driving the addict to repeat the addictive activity. Destroying the memory of the pleasure inducer may provide a treatment for addiction in the future. Addiction has a genetic component, which supports inheritance. Some other compulsive disorders: eating, gambling, sexual behavior; are similar to drug addiction.
. Elton finally agreed he had a problem. He went to rehab, stopped hating himself, gave up his current addictions, accepted the influence of a higher force, and began admiring the everyday world and other people.
It seemed the higher force was supporting Elton's progress: he wrote the music for the Lion King, met David Furnish who accepted Elton warts and all; they both enjoyed a friendship with Gianni Versace; until Gianni was murdered. Princess Diana died soon after, and Elton performed at the funeral. He toured with Billy Joel and aimed to do the same with Tina Turner. While his new records sold well he found himself in debt and terminated the management relationship with John Reid is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
Enterprises.
Elton and Bernie improved their situations: Elton started writing film scores, he helped turn the film Billy Elliot into a musical, Bernie lobbied Elton to improve the way they were making records, Elton and David entered into a civil partnership, and Elton made a record with his seminal influence: Leon Russell.
Elton and David became parents of two boys: Zachary and Elijah; using their sperm a surrogate mother and network in California. They quietly get married when the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. allows. Elton's mum was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
remains difficult and cruel to him, but he is sad is a feeling, which can induce empathy and compassion. It can last for days, in contrast to the emotions, fear & anger. Mild sadness induces a beneficial state in the brain: improved judgment, memory, motivation, and more socially sensitive and generous.
when she dies, and many at the funeral recall her fun side with him. Being parents increases the long-term stresses is a multi-faceted condition reflecting high cortisol levels. Dr. Robert Sapolsky's studies of baboons indicate that stress helps build readiness for fight or flight. As these actions occur the levels of cortisol return to the baseline rate. A stressor is anything that disrupts the regular homeostatic balance. The stress response is the array of neural and endocrine changes that occur to respond effectively to the crisis and reestablish homeostasis.
- The short term response to the stressor
- activates the amygdala which: Stimulates the brain stem resulting in inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system and activation of the sympathetic nervous system with the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine deployed around the body, Activates the PVN which generates a cascade resulting in glucocorticoid secretion to: get energy to the muscles with increased blood pressure for a powerful response. The brain's acuity and cognition are stimulated. The immune system is stimulated with beta-endorphin and repair activities curtail. In order for the body to destroy bacteria in wounds, pro-inflammatory cytokines increase blood flow to the area. The induced inflammation signals the brain to activate the insula and through it the ACC. But when the stressor is
- long term: loneliness, debt; and no action is necessary, or possible, long term damage ensues. Damage from such stress may only occur in specific situations: Nuclear families coping with parents moving in. Sustained stress provides an evolved amplifier of a position of dominance and status. It is a strategy in female aggression used to limit reproductive competition. Sustained stress:
- Stops the frontal cortex from ensuring we do the harder thing, instead substituting amplification of the individual's propensity for risk-taking and impairing risk assessment!
- Activates the integration between the thalamus and amygdala.
- Acts differently on the amygdala in comparison to the frontal cortex and hippocampus: Stress strengthens the integration between the Amygdala and the hippocampus, making the hippocampus fearful.
- BLA & BNST respond with increased BDNF levels and expanded dendrites persistently increasing anxiety and fear conditioning.
- Makes it easier to learn a fear association and to consolidate it into long-term memory. Sustained stress makes it harder to unlearn fear by making the prefrontal cortex inhibit the BLA from learning to break the fear association and weakening the prefrontal cortex's hold over the amygdala. And glucocorticoids decrease activation of the medial prefrontal cortex during processing of emotional faces. Accuracy of assessing emotions from faces suffers. A terrified rat generating lots of glucocorticoids will cause dendrites in the hippocampus to atrophy but when it generates the same amount from excitement of running on a wheel the dendrites expand. The activation of the amygdala seems to determine how the hippocampus responds.
- Depletes the nucleus accumbens of dopamine biasing rats toward social subordination and biasing humans toward depression.
- Disrupts working memory by amplifying norepinephrine signalling in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala to prefrontal cortex signalling until they become destructive. It also desynchronizes activation in different frontal lobe regions impacting shifting of attention.
- Increases the risk of autoimmune disease (Jan 2017)
- During depression, stress inhibits dopamine signalling.
- Strategies for stress reduction include: Mindfulness.
Following our summary of his main points, RSS is Rob's Strategy Studio frames the details of the creative process from the perspective of complex adaptive system (CAS)
This page introduces the complex adaptive system (CAS) theory
frame. The theory provides an organizing framework that is
used by 'life.' It can be used to evaluate and rank models
that claim to describe our perceived reality. It catalogs
the laws and strategies which underpin the operation of systems
that are based on the interaction of emergent
agents. It highlights the
constraints that shape CAS and so predicts their form. A
proposal that does not conform is wrong.
John Holland's framework for representing complexity is outlined. Links to other key aspects of CAS theory discussed at the site are presented.
theory.
John Holland's framework for representing complexity is outlined. Links to other key aspects of CAS theory discussed at the site are presented.
Me
In Reginald Dwight/Elton John's autobiography
'Me', he recalls chronologically the key
points in his life, once he has described his pivotal shift of identity. Prologue
Working in the backing band for Long John Baldry was an exceptional British 12-string guitarist and entertainer, who had the misfortune to become popular because of 'Let The Heartaches Begin,' an orchestral arrangement with a female chorus that became a number one hit. Baldry was suddenly in demand at high paying supper clubs. He was an important catalyst in Reg Dwight's emergence as Elton John: hilarious, eccentric, openly gay, told Reg that he was also gay, that Reg should not get married, and Baldry moved Bluesology from performing at rhythm & blues clubs to the supper club circuit; so even Reg could see he needed a change., while rock music was transforming popular culture is how we do and think about things, transmitted by non-genetic means as defined by Frans de Waal. CAS theory views cultures as operating via memetic schemata evolved by memetic operators to support a cultural superorganism. Evolutionary psychology asserts that human culture reflects adaptations generated while hunting and gathering. Dehaene views culture as essentially human, shaped by exaptations and reading, transmitted with support of the neuronal workspace and stabilized by neuronal recycling. Damasio notes prokaryotes and social insects have developed cultural social behaviors. Sapolsky argues that parents must show children how to transform their genetically derived capabilities into a culturally effective toolset. He is interested in the broad differences across cultures of: Life expectancy, GDP, Death in childbirth, Violence, Chronic bullying, Gender equality, Happiness, Response to cheating, Individualist or collectivist, Enforcing honor, Approach to hierarchy; illustrating how different a person's life will be depending on the culture where they are raised. Culture:
- Is deployed during pregnancy & childhood, with parental mediation. Nutrients, immune messages and hormones all affect the prenatal brain. Hormones: Testosterone with anti-Mullerian hormone masculinizes the brain by entering target cells and after conversion to estrogen binding to intracellular estrogen receptors; have organizational effects producing lifelong changes. Parenting style typically produces adults who adopt the same approach. And mothering style can alter gene regulation in the fetus in ways that transfer epigenetically to future generations! PMS symptoms vary by culture.
- Is also significantly transmitted to children by their peers during play. So parents try to control their children's peer group.
- Is transmitted to children by their neighborhoods, tribes, nations etc.
- Influences the parenting style that is considered appropriate.
- Can transform dominance into honor. There are ecological correlates of adopting honor cultures. Parents in honor cultures are typically authoritarian.
- Is strongly adapted across a meta-ethnic frontier according to Turchin.
- Across Europe was shaped by the Carolingian empire.
- Can provide varying levels of support for innovation. Damasio suggests culture is influenced by feelings:
- As motives for intellectual creation: prompting
detection and diagnosis of homeostatic
deficiencies, identifying
desirable states worthy of creative effort.
- As monitors of the success and failure of cultural instruments and practices
- As participants in the negotiation of adjustments required by the cultural process over time
- Produces consciousness according to Dennet.
, that he must change - everything!, to achieve dominance signals the power to hurt a rival. Maynard Smith & Parker explain that in group situations females compete for food and males compete for females. Maleness is a huge factor for violence. Fighting to the death is costly for all participants so instead they indicate:
- Size and weapons to demonstrate who will win. Males who are, or look like, better fighters: Large heads, Big men, Height; gain in dominance.
- Political acumen to demonstrate they won't be pushed around and have the support of other powerful groups. Dominant males push other rivals aside and gain interest of females, enabling themselves to replicate more. Being a signal its authenticity can be challenged and so must be defended to remain credible. Hotheads leverage the doomsday machine to constrain rational challenges. Bands and cultures leverage honor. Youth and lack of resources reduce the power of rivals' political constraints.
.
9 One
Reg explains that his mom was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.introduced him to Elvis Presley was a singer and entertainer who, according to Elton John, transformed southern US black blues and rock & roll music and introduced the result: Heartbreak Hotel - raw, sparse, slow, reverberating and eerie; to white audiences who felt the 'energy' Elvis signalled. Presley's appearance: clothes, hair, stance; was as striking and remarkable for the time as his music.
's Heartbreak Hotel. After work each Friday, she liked to bring home new records, exploring new musical is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
genres, which he loved. On this occasion, taking in Presley's power deeply impacted Reg. He had an eye for performance, already inspired by Winifred Atwell was a Trinidadian pianist and performer. She entertained on stage with two pianos: baby grand for light classical music and an upright for ragtime & pub songs; which, according to Elton John, she performed with glee, giving the impression she was having the best time in the world.
, but Presley's presence changed everything for him and many others.
His 'love is the outcome of the dopamine reward system, argues UCSF professor Robert Lustig. He, like the early Christians, contrasts [addiction oriented] pleasure with serotonin driven happiness & contentment.
' of music is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
was enhanced by playing records and the piano, including rock and roll when his father was out, with positive, W. Brian Arthur's conception of how high tech products have positive economic feedback as they deploy. Classical products such as foods have negative returns to scale since they take increasing amounts of land, and distribution infrastructure to support getting them to market. High tech products typically become easier to produce or gain from platform and network effects of being connected together overcoming the negative effects of scale.
feedback from the family when he performed during their sing-songs. He took piano lessons, and his teacher encouraged him to test for the Royal Academy of Music, part of the University of London, located on the Marylebone Road in London, teaches music composition, conducting, musicianship and performance, including singing and playing instruments. It has a Junior Academy where young musicians under the age of 18 train, and a Senior Academy teaching for degrees.
, which he attended most Saturday mornings from age 11. The Academy focused only on classical music is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
and was very intimidating to Reg, who admits to being a lazy student. But he liked singing in the choir, and playing melodic music: Mozart, Bach, Beethoven, and Chopin; and had a motivating teacher Helen Piena. While he was more interested in improvisation and didn't have the large hand-span of a concert pianist, he notes that his subsequent music compositions were all influenced by the classical ideas he learned there: collaboration, chord structures, how to construct a song, and writing songs with more than three or four chords. And he collaborated with talented people from there: the producer Chris Thomas, the arranger Paul Buckmaster, harpist Skaila Kanga and percussionist Ray Cooper.
Reg's dad was Reg's father, who worked in the Royal Air Force, but also played trumpet in a band, through which he met his first wife Sheila - who came to watch. He also loved football (soccer) and his nephews were professional footballers. He was often away from home, was stubborn and rule bound when he was there, had a terrible short temper, was always critical of Reg, and arguing with his wife. After they divorced he remarried and had four more boys who adored him. But he was never able to show any affection to Reg. He died in 1991 and Reg could not bring himself to attend the funeral.
worked for the RAF and was often away from home. So Reg grew up with his mom was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
, aunt Win, maternal grand-mother was Reg Dwight's maternal grandmother. He recalls her as: no nonsense, hard-working, kind, funny, a great cook, loved a drink and a game of cards. She always had music playing, from the radio, record player or their piano. After her first husband died of cancer, she had remarried Horace Sewell, who was a gardener, introverted, had lost a leg in the Great War and was kind.
and her second husband. Reg loved his grand-mother, who was the matriarch: cook, and always surrounded by visitors and music: on the radio, record player, or sing-songs around the piano. This helped Reg develop an affinity for music.
Reg's father, Stanley was Reg's father, who worked in the Royal Air Force, but also played trumpet in a band, through which he met his first wife Sheila - who came to watch. He also loved football (soccer) and his nephews were professional footballers. He was often away from home, was stubborn and rule bound when he was there, had a terrible short temper, was always critical of Reg, and arguing with his wife. After they divorced he remarried and had four more boys who adored him. But he was never able to show any affection to Reg. He died in 1991 and Reg could not bring himself to attend the funeral.
never showed any affection towards him. Strongly critical, stubborn, short tempered and angry is an emotion which protects a person who has been cheated by a supposed friend. When the exploitation of the altruism is discovered, Steven Pinker explains, the result is a drive for moralistic aggression to hurt the cheater. Anger is mostly experienced as a rapid wave that then quickly dissipates. When it is repressed, for example by a strong moral sense (superego), it can sustain, inducing long term stress.
most of the time, he did however, praise Reg for his performances in family sing-songs. And he encouraged Reg's supporting and attending Watford Football Club. Even after Stanley had died in 1991, Elton writes that he was still "trying to show my father what I'm made of."
Reg's mother, Sheila was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
ensured that as a child, Reg was terrified of her is an emotion which prepares the body for time sensitive action: Blood is sent to the muscles from the gut and skin, Adrenalin is released stimulating: Fuel to be released from the liver, Blood is encouraged to clot, and Face is wide-eyed and fearful. The short-term high priority goal, experienced as a sense of urgency, is to flee, fight or deflect the danger. There are both 'innate' - really high priority learning - which are mediated by the central amygdala and learned fears which are mediated by the BLA which learns to fear a stimulus and then signals the central amygdala. Tara Brach notes we experience fear as a painfully constricted throat, chest and belly, and racing heart. The mind can build stories of the future which include fearful situations making us anxious about current ideas and actions that we associate with the potential future scenario. And it can associate traumatic events from early childhood with our being at fault. Consequent assumptions of our being unworthy can result in shame and fear of losing friendships. The mechanism for human fear was significantly evolved to protect us in the African savanna. This does not align perfectly with our needs in current environments: U.S. Grant was unusually un-afraid of the noise or risk of guns and trusted his horses' judgment, which mostly benefited his agency as a modern soldier.
. As often happens he worried that he was the cause of her rage is a doomsday machine emotion of uncontrollable righteous anger.
. But her sister, Win, assured Reg that his mother had always been angry is an emotion which protects a person who has been cheated by a supposed friend. When the exploitation of the altruism is discovered, Steven Pinker explains, the result is a drive for moralistic aggression to hurt the cheater. Anger is mostly experienced as a rapid wave that then quickly dissipates. When it is repressed, for example by a strong moral sense (superego), it can sustain, inducing long term stress.
. His mom supported Reg leaving school early to become a musician is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
.
Reg's mom was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
and dad was Reg's father, who worked in the Royal Air Force, but also played trumpet in a band, through which he met his first wife Sheila - who came to watch. He also loved football (soccer) and his nephews were professional footballers. He was often away from home, was stubborn and rule bound when he was there, had a terrible short temper, was always critical of Reg, and arguing with his wife. After they divorced he remarried and had four more boys who adored him. But he was never able to show any affection to Reg. He died in 1991 and Reg could not bring himself to attend the funeral.
did not get on, making them difficult to live with and hard to please. His dad discouraged Reg's interest in becoming a performer while his mother supported it. Once they divorced, Reg stayed with his mom and when she remarried, to Fred, who Reg: liked, rapidly accepted as his step-dad and nicknamed Derf; they all moved in together. Derf also encouraged Reg's interest in performing, collecting tips for him as Reg sang and played piano at the pub: the Northwood Hills Hotel public bar; where, as the alcohol flowed, fights broke out. But that audience appreciated Reg's performance: Jim Reeves songs, Johnnie Ray, Elvis Presley was a singer and entertainer who, according to Elton John, transformed southern US black blues and rock & roll music and introduced the result: Heartbreak Hotel - raw, sparse, slow, reverberating and eerie; to white audiences who felt the 'energy' Elvis signalled. Presley's appearance: clothes, hair, stance; was as striking and remarkable for the time as his music.
, Al Jolson, and British pub songs; which they loved. Reg got great tips.
Focused on music is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
, especially performance, and supporting Watford football club, Reg's school work suffered, so when his professional footballer cousin, Roy, got him the offer of a job in the music industry in Central London was Britain's Tin Pan Alley, a value delivery system, transforming song writer's creations into sheet music and recordings of singers and musicians performing them. With the advent of Bob Dylan and the Beetles, this network started a Schumpeterian collapse.
Reg took it, with the support of his mom and headmaster. He guesses his father disapproved.
33 Two
Reg loved Denmark Street in Central London was Britain's Tin Pan Alley, a value delivery system, transforming song writer's creations into sheet music and recordings of singers and musicians performing them. With the advent of Bob Dylan and the Beetles, this network started a Schumpeterian collapse.even though his own job was mostly logistical: packaging sheet music and taking it to the post office. There were lots of young, keen musicians is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
, instrument shops, and fun. He notes the business model of writers, and producers creating songs for entertainers, was clearly being
This page reviews Christensen's disruption
of a complex adaptive system (CAS).
The mechanism is discussed with examples from biology and
business.
disrupted by the new
generation of player-composers: Bob Dylan, Beetles; who did not
need writers to create songs for them. Reg became part of a band, playing his electric-piano in Bluesology was a second rate British blues band, which became Long John Baldry's backing band, after the breakup of Steampacket. The lineup included: Stu Brown - singer, Pete Gavin, drummer Mick Inkpen, Elton Dean - jazz sax player, Reg Dwight on electric-piano & house organ. It was funded and managed by Soho jeweler Arnold Tendler.
. With a little funding and lots of bookings from its manager, the group performed on the blues circuit in the UK, and went over to Germany's Reeperbahn. Reg notes the wild life of Hamburg passed him by. He was totally focused on playing and buying records and was very ambitious. Bluesology was a second rate British blues band, which became Long John Baldry's backing band, after the breakup of Steampacket. The lineup included: Stu Brown - singer, Pete Gavin, drummer Mick Inkpen, Elton Dean - jazz sax player, Reg Dwight on electric-piano & house organ. It was funded and managed by Soho jeweler Arnold Tendler.
provided backing to top-rate entertainers from the US, who Reg observed closely, learning the form of the art.
But Reg also observed other bands: The Move with guitarist and writer Roy Wood; who were much better than Bluesology. And he knew he wasn't an organist: it was a complicated instrument played by specialists: Brian Auger, Steve Winwood; that often left him flummoxed when it misbehaved.
For a while, when Long John Baldry was an exceptional British 12-string guitarist and entertainer, who had the misfortune to become popular because of 'Let The Heartaches Begin,' an orchestral arrangement with a female chorus that became a number one hit. Baldry was suddenly in demand at high paying supper clubs. He was an important catalyst in Reg Dwight's emergence as Elton John: hilarious, eccentric, openly gay, told Reg that he was also gay, that Reg should not get married, and Baldry moved Bluesology from performing at rhythm & blues clubs to the supper club circuit; so even Reg could see he needed a change.
as his backing band, Reg found him such great company that he could ignore his dissatisfaction with his career progress.
Eventually, he resigned from Bluesology, adopted the persona of Elton John, and responded to a talent advert by Liberty Records, which initiated his partnership with Bernie Taupin. Elton found Bernie's lyrics magical and their disjoint way of working: composing separately, lyrics produced first by Bernie with music subsequently added by Elton; invigorating. Liberty was a progressive rock label. Ray Williams was scouting for talent but rejected Reg Dwight. However, Ray gave Reg the details of a lyricist, Bernie Taupin, and later helped the song writing pair produce records through his own publishing company which was administered by Dick James Music.
's Ray Williams agreed to publish their songs through his own company, which leveraged the resources of Dick James Music (DJM):
- Is a music production company in New Oxford Street, London
- Administered Ray Williams of Liberty Records, production company
- Employed Caleb Quaye as in-house engineer. And Steve Brown as studio manager.
- Dick James funded Elton John and Bernie Taupin's song publishing, paying Elton extra to sing and play piano on the demo recordings. Once James realized the potential of Elton & Bernie's second album he drove it and them through the evolved amplifier of American entertainment and communications.
- Tony King worked on publishing and promotion for George Martin's association of independent record producers (AIR) from a desk he rented from DJM. He influenced Elton's style, introduced him to his network of friends, and helped him find work as a session musician.
, Tony King worked in the offices of DJM, renting a desk where he did publishing and promotions for George Martin's association of independent record producers (AIR). Elton explains he was notable for his style: suits, velvet trousers, satin items, from the hippest tailors in London, antique silk scarves, dyed hair with blond highlights; was openly gay. He had worked for The Rolling Stones, Roy Orbison and was friends with The Beetles. Elton found Tony hilarious and wanted to be like him - stylish, exotic, and outrageous. Tony included Elton in his dinner parties with friends including John Reid. And through his network of connections at AIR and Abbey Road, Tony helped Elton become one of their session musicians. Later when Tony was general manager of Apple Records' US operation he introduced Elton to John Lennon. Tony went on to focus on helping the Rolling Stones and Elton make their tour shows exceptional.
; who helped with the innovation is the economic realization of invention and combinatorial exaptation. Keynes noted it provided the unquantifiable beneficial possibility that limits fear of uncertainty. Innovation operates across all CAS, being supported by genetic and cultural means. Creativity provides the mutation and recombination genetic operators for the cultural process. While highly innovative, monopolies: AT&T, IBM; usually have limited economic reach, constraining productivity. This explains the use of regulation, or even its threat, that can check their power and drive the creations across the economy.
and got Dick James to agree to fund them. Elton & Bernie focused on writing two types of songs: those targeted at middle of the road performers, those extending the musical forms they liked to listen to: The Beetles, The Moody Blues, Cat Stevens, Leonard Cohen; numbers that they emulated and
Walter Shewhart's iterative development process is found in many
complex adaptive systems (CAS).
The mechanism is reviewed and its value in coping with random
events is explained.
iteratively
This page reviews the implications of selection, variation and
heredity in a complex adaptive system (CAS).
The mechanism and its emergence are
discussed.
evolved; which eventually led to them
writing Skyline Pigeon - their first unique sounding song.
While still performing with Bluesology was a second rate British blues band, which became Long John Baldry's backing band, after the breakup of Steampacket. The lineup included: Stu Brown - singer, Pete Gavin, drummer Mick Inkpen, Elton Dean - jazz sax player, Reg Dwight on electric-piano & house organ. It was funded and managed by Soho jeweler Arnold Tendler.
, Elton met Linda Woodrow who was independently wealthy and decided to become Elton's wife. She admired Buddy Greco and worked to shape Elton in this image. She purchased a flat in Islington and Elton and Bernie moved in. Even when Elton feigned suicide, Linda persisted with her goals. But Elton's mom was against the arrangement, and Bernie felt bullied by her, and that she was a threat to the developing business partnership with Elton. Elton suggests his stubborn nature and dislike for confrontation led him to go along with Linda and set a date for the marriage. It took Long John Baldry was an exceptional British 12-string guitarist and entertainer, who had the misfortune to become popular because of 'Let The Heartaches Begin,' an orchestral arrangement with a female chorus that became a number one hit. Baldry was suddenly in demand at high paying supper clubs. He was an important catalyst in Reg Dwight's emergence as Elton John: hilarious, eccentric, openly gay, told Reg that he was also gay, that Reg should not get married, and Baldry moved Bluesology from performing at rhythm & blues clubs to the supper club circuit; so even Reg could see he needed a change.
55 Three
Initially there was no interest in either type of song that Elton and Bernie were writing. They made the best of a bad situation:- Making the room they were sharing hip with a record player
where they could listen to the music that inspired them: The
Band's: Chest Fever, Tears of Rage, The Weight; and Elektra is a West Coast record label, run by Jac Holzman, which produced: The Doors, Love, Tim Buckley, and Delaney and Bonnie; records that inspired Elton John and Bernie Taupin's song writing.
's Delaney & Bonnie (Elton loved Leon Russell's piano playing);
- Through Tony King worked in the offices of DJM, renting a desk where he did publishing and promotions for George Martin's association of independent record producers (AIR). Elton explains he was notable for his style: suits, velvet trousers, satin items, from the hippest tailors in London, antique silk scarves, dyed hair with blond highlights; was openly gay. He had worked for The Rolling Stones, Roy Orbison and was friends with The Beetles. Elton found Tony hilarious and wanted to be like him - stylish, exotic, and outrageous. Tony included Elton in his dinner parties with friends including John Reid. And through his network of connections at AIR and Abbey Road, Tony helped Elton become one of their session musicians. Later when Tony was general manager of Apple Records' US operation he introduced Elton to John Lennon. Tony went on to focus on helping the Rolling Stones and Elton make their tour shows exceptional.
's AIR studios & Abbey Road connections, Elton took a job as a session musician, which was both fun and tightened up his musicianship and singing. He was working alongside the best: veryTo benefit from shifts in the environment agents must be flexible. Being sensitive to environmental signals agents who adjust strategic priorities can constrain their competitors.flexible, fast and adaptable in evolutionary biology is a trait that increased the number of surviving offspring in an organism's ancestral lineage. Holland argues: complex adaptive systems (CAS) adapt due to the influence of schematic strings on agents. Evolution indicates fitness when an organism survives and reproduces. For his genetic algorithm, Holland separated the adaptive process into credit assignment and rule discovery. He assigned a strength to each of the rules (alternate hypothesis) used by his artificial agents, by credit assignment - each accepted message being paid for by the recipient, increasing the sender agent's rule's strength (implicit modeling) and reducing the recipient's. When an agent achieved an explicit goal they obtained a final reward. Rule discovery used the genetic algorithm to select strong rule schemas from a pair of agents to be included in the next generation, with crossing over and mutation applied, and the resulting schematic strategies used to replace weaker schemas. The crossing over genetic operator is unlikely to break up a short schematic sequence that provides a building block retained because of its 'fitness'; In Deacon's conception of evolution, an adaptation is the realization of a set of constraints on candidate mechanisms, and so long as these constraints are maintained, other features are arbitrary.
professionals.
- Is a music production company in New Oxford Street,
London
- Administered Ray Williams of Liberty Records,
production company
- Employed Caleb Quaye as
in-house engineer. And Steve Brown as studio
manager.
- Dick James funded Elton John
and Bernie Taupin's song publishing, paying Elton extra to
sing and play piano on the demo recordings. Once
James realized the potential of Elton & Bernie's
second album he drove it and them through the evolved amplifier of American
entertainment and communications.
- Tony King worked on
publishing and promotion for George Martin's association
of independent record producers (AIR) from a desk he
rented from DJM. He influenced Elton's style,
introduced him to his network of friends, and helped him
find work as a session musician.
's bonhomie! Elton and Bernie's material was getting better and better, and the process had really clicked: Your Song was developed in less than an hour; leveraging all their prior experiences.
It became clear to Dick James (DJM):
- Is a music production company in New Oxford Street, London
- Administered Ray Williams of Liberty Records, production company
- Employed Caleb Quaye as in-house engineer. And Steve Brown as studio manager.
- Dick James funded Elton John and Bernie Taupin's song publishing, paying Elton extra to sing and play piano on the demo recordings. Once James realized the potential of Elton & Bernie's second album he drove it and them through the evolved amplifier of American entertainment and communications.
- Tony King worked on publishing and promotion for George Martin's association of independent record producers (AIR) from a desk he rented from DJM. He influenced Elton's style, introduced him to his network of friends, and helped him find work as a session musician.
This page reviews the catalytic
impact of infrastructure on the expression of phenotypic effects by an
agent. The infrastructure
reduces the cost the agent must pay to perform the selected
action. The catalysis is enhanced by positive returns.
US
partnership with UNI to prime the sales channels, promote
the album, and have Elton perform at the Troubadour, where the
top US artists, producers and music press, came to see &
hear. They concluded the increasingly flamboyant performer
was a star. Elton, now 23 years old and suddenly getting a
burst of adolescent in humans supports the transition from a juvenile configuration, dependent on parents and structured to learn & logistically transform, to adult optimized to the proximate environment. And it is staged, encouraging male adolescents to escape the hierarchy they grew up in and enter other groups where they may bring in: fresh ideas, risk taking; and alter the existing hierarchy: Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates & Paul Allen; while females become highly focused on friendships and communications. It marks the beginning of Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development. The limbic, autonomic and hormone networks are already deployed and functioning effectively. The frontal cortex has to be pruned: winning neurons move to their final highly connected positions, and are myelinated over time. The rest dissolve. So the frontal lobe does not obtain its adult configuration and networked integration until the mid-twenties when prefrontal cortex control becomes optimal. The evolutionarily oldest areas of the frontal cortex mature first. The PFC must be iteratively customized by experience to do the right thing as an adult. Adolescents: - Don't detect irony effectively. They depend on the DMPFC to do this, unlike adults who leverage the fusiform face area.
- Regulate emotions with the ventral striatum while the prefrontal cortex is still being setup. Dopamine projection density and signalling increase from the ventral tegmentum catalyzing increased interest in dopamine based rewards. Novelty seeking allows for creative exploration which was necessary to move beyond the familial pack. Criticisms do not get incorporated into learning models by adolescents leaving their risk assessments very poor. The target of the dopamine networks, the adolescent accumbens, responds to rewards like a gyrating top - hugely to large rewards, and negatively to small rewards. Eventually as the frontal regions increase in contribution there are steady improvements in: working memory, flexible rule use, executive organization and task shifting. And adolescents start to see other people's perspective.
- Drive the cellular transformations with post-pubescent high levels of testosterone in males, and high but fluctuating estrogen & progesterone levels in females. Blood flow to the frontal cortex is also diverted on occasion to the groin.
- Peer pressure is exceptionally influential in adolescents. Admired peer comments reduce vmPFC activity and enhance ventral striatal activity. Adults modulate the mental impact of socially mean treatment: the initial activation of the PAG, anterior cingulate, amygdala, insula cortex; which generate feelings of pain, anger, and disgust, with the VLPFC but that does not occur in adolescents.
- Feel empathy intensely, supported by their rampant emotions, interest in novelty, ego. But feeling the pain of others can induce self-oriented avoidance of the situations.
, was more interested in John Reid is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
.
78 Four
The first US tour was transformational:- Reg:
- Changed his legal name to Elton Hercules John,
- Fell in love with John
Reid is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
(Elton notes his bad habit of getting infatuated, unable to tell a crush from real love, demanding the object of his desire come on tour with him and abandon their own lives with disastrous results for both of them), moved in with him - signalling, is an emergent capability which is used by cooperating agents to support coordination & rival agents to support control and dominance. In eukaryotic cells signalling is used extensively. A signal interacts with the exposed region of a receptor molecule inducing it to change shape to an activated form. Chains of enzymes interact with the activated receptor relaying, amplifying and responding to the signal to change the state of the cell. Many of the signalling pathways pass through the nuclear membrane and interact with the DNA to change its state. Enzymes sensitive to the changes induced in the DNA then start to operate generating actions including sending further signals. Cell signalling is reviewed by Helmreich. Signalling is a fundamental aspect of CAS theory and is discussed from the abstract CAS perspective in signals and sensors. In AWF the eukaryotic signalling architecture has been abstracted in a codelet based implementation. To be credible signals must be hard to fake. To be effective they must be easily detected by the target recipient. To be efficient they are low cost to produce and destroy.
his being gay but needing to keep it quiet, and made John the band's manager, and
- Told his mum was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
he was gay.
- The band toured the US as support for: Leon Russell, The
Byrds, Poco, The Kinks and Derek and the Dominos. It
was all great promotion. As usual Elton observed their
performances and learned from those with more
experience.
- The performances and songs became of interest to Elton and
Bernie's heroes: the Band, Bob Dylan, Brian Wilson; much to
their astonishment. They got to party with Mama Cass
Elliot, David Crosby, Stephen Stills, Graham Nash and Joni Mitchell was born Roberta Joan Anderson, called by Joan, in 1942 in Regina Saskatchewan explains Sheila Weller, to father William Anderson: whose family had come from Scandinavia to Alberta to farm, who was a manager at a supermarket chain, was a very easygoing person and played trumpet; and Myrtle McKee who was: upwardly driven, a controlling mother, from poor Scottish Canadian farmers where frustrated mothers were trapped raising children in difficult marriages, a creative school teacher and bank clerk; who also enjoyed music, both parents encouraged Joan to behave as an artistic princess only child, as she worked to improve on her constrained 'reality:' a highly attractive girl, with a compartmentalized and determined personality. She was also touched deeply by hearing certain pieces of music. She always enjoyed competing in beauty pageants and modeling. Myrtle's obsessive cleaning and being an only child increased the risk of Joan having a serious case of polio. She pushed herself to recover. Struggling with a vaginal discharge from an antibiotic, she was accused by the family's PCP of being sexually active and was shocked that her mother sided with the physician. At school and college she gravitated towards writing, art and performance. Even by 13 she had developed a secret defiance of her parents, sneaking out to watch burlesque shows. As her singing became more appreciated than her art she focused more intently on performing music. She was advised to focus her writing on her own experiences by Arthur Kratzmann while an art teacher Henry Bonli's surname induced her to refer to herself as Joni. The secret rebel side of Joni liked drinking, drugs and sex, resulting in her becoming pregnant. She left Saskatoon with the father of her baby, Brad MacMath, ostensibly to perform in Toronto, but actually to have the child, Kilauren Gibb (originally Kelly Green), in secret as an unmarried mother. At the same time Joni wrote and performed her songs in the coffee house folk clubs while waitressing and carefully observing the techniques of other performers. This highly traumatic emotional experience generated lots of ideas for songs which Joni worked hard to craft. Conflicted about keeping the baby or having it adopted, Joni married American folk singer Chuck Mitchell, who she was then able to blame for the adoption of the baby. Within two years Joni had developed a reputation as a beauty, and an exceptional song writer with leading performers covering her songs, and had left Chuck to focus on building her career.
. Neil Young performed 'Heart Of Gold' at Elton & John's new London flat as the neighbor protested for quiet through the adjoining wall. Elton notes he was one of a wave of artists who had worked on the UK club circuit, who suddenly became famous: Rod Stewart, Marc Bolan, David Bowie; he was close friends with both Rod and Marc. Groupies and music executives were chasing after Elton who repeatedly hid in the toilet. Elton and Bernie were losing touch with their earlier reality - "What the fuck is happening."
- Prolific creation
of hit songs by Bernie and Elton supported the recording and
release of four additional albums for the US market within a
year.
- On a
hunch, and ignoring the advice of others, Elton added
Guitarist Davey Johnston to
the band, which toured globally to packed
venues. And when Paul Buckmaster lost them a day of
recording through a mistake Elton was so angry is an emotion which protects a person who has been cheated by a supposed friend. When the exploitation of the altruism is discovered, Steven Pinker explains, the result is a drive for moralistic aggression to hurt the cheater. Anger is mostly experienced as a rapid wave that then quickly dissipates. When it is repressed, for example by a strong moral sense (superego), it can sustain, inducing long term stress.
with him, they didn't work together again for over a decade.
95 Five
Elton and John Reid is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.moved from London to a bungalow they purchased in Virginia Water. It was near Bernie's new home. And Keith Moon and Ringo Star's homes were close by too. The bookshop in town was owned by Brian Forbes and Nanette Newman. Brian and Nanette would invite Elton and John is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
to meet their high society friends. And the whole family would go on holiday with Elton and John. Brian introduced and coached Elton on collecting art. And, as usual, Elton became an addict results from changes in the operation of the brain's reward network's regulatory regions, altering the anticipation of rewards. Addictive drugs mediate the receptors of the reward network, increasing dopamine in the pleasure centers of the cortex. The learned association of the situation with the reward makes addiction highly prone to relapse, when the situation is subsequently experienced. This makes addiction a chronic disease, where the sufferer must remain vigilant to avoid relapse inducing situations. Repeated exposure to the addictive drug alters the reward network. The neurons that produce dopamine are impaired, no longer sending dopamine to the reward target areas, reducing the feeling of pleasure. But the situational association remains strong driving the addict to repeat the addictive activity. Destroying the memory of the pleasure inducer may provide a treatment for addiction in the future. Addiction has a genetic component, which supports inheritance. Some other compulsive disorders: eating, gambling, sexual behavior; are similar to drug addiction.
. Brian and Nanette's friends included the Queen Mother. After Elton and the band performed for Princess Margret, they were invited back for supper. But, after Lord Snowdon arrived home, and demanded his dinner, the party collapsed.
Apart from the bungalow, expanding art collection and Aston Martin, Elton's newly acquired wealth is schematically useful information and its equivalent, schematically useful energy, to paraphrase Beinhocker. It is useful because an agent has schematic strategies that can utilize the information or energy to extend or leverage control of the cognitive niche. allowed him go shopping, again developing into an addiction. He had always loved to explore for presents to give people. He was also able to tour the US is the United States of America. in a chartered Boeing 720, previously configured for Led Zeppelin. He admits to often locking himself in the private bedroom, sulking. On one birthday he was angrily refusing to come out, while the rest of the tour organization was waiting to celebrate with him. Eventually, they convinced him to begrudgingly come out. Stevie Wonder had been waiting patiently to sing happy birthday to him!
Elton demonstrated workaholism results from changes in the operation of the brain's reward network's regulatory regions, altering the anticipation of rewards. Addictive drugs mediate the receptors of the reward network, increasing dopamine in the pleasure centers of the cortex. The learned association of the situation with the reward makes addiction highly prone to relapse, when the situation is subsequently experienced. This makes addiction a chronic disease, where the sufferer must remain vigilant to avoid relapse inducing situations. Repeated exposure to the addictive drug alters the reward network. The neurons that produce dopamine are impaired, no longer sending dopamine to the reward target areas, reducing the feeling of pleasure. But the situational association remains strong driving the addict to repeat the addictive activity. Destroying the memory of the pleasure inducer may provide a treatment for addiction in the future. Addiction has a genetic component, which supports inheritance. Some other compulsive disorders: eating, gambling, sexual behavior; are similar to drug addiction.
, touring and recording albums constantly. The band was able to use studios at exotic destinations: Kingston, Jamaica, Rocky Mountains; Elton recorded even when ill with glandular fever. He would throw tantrums: sulking, eye are major sensors in primates, based on opsins deployed in the retina & especially fovea, signalling the visual system: Superior colliculi, Thalamus (LGN), Primary visual cortex; and indirectly the amygdala. They also signal [social] emotional state to other people. And they have implicit censorious power with pictures of eyes encouraging people within their view to act more honorably. Eyes are poor scanners and use a saccade to present detail slowly to the fovea. The eye's optical structures and retina are supported by RPE. Eyes do not connect to the brain through the brain stem and so still operate in locked-in syndrome. Evo-devo shows eyes have deep homology. High pressure within the eye can result in glaucoma. Genetic inheritance can result in retinoblastoma. Age is associated with AMD. rolling, swearing; and refuse to sing songs he didn't like such as Don't Let the Sun Go Down On Me, and fought the release of Benny And The Jets as a single in the US is the United States of America. , even after being told it was a top play on Detroit's African American radio stations. It became a major hit in the US and UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. . Elton's performances while touring developed into grander and grander spectacles. Bernie felt are subjective models: sad, glad, mad, scared, surprised, and compassionate; of the organism and its proximate environment, including ratings of situations signalled by broadly distributed chemicals and neural circuits. These feelings become highly salient inputs, evolutionarily associated, to higher level emotions encoded in neural circuits: amygdala, and insula. Deacon shows James' conception of feeling can build sentience. Damasio, similarly, asserts feelings reveal to the conscious mind the subjective status of life: good, bad, in between; within a higher organism. They especially indicate the affective situation within the old interior world of the viscera located in the abdomen, thorax and thick of the skin - so smiling makes one feel happy; but augmented with the reports from the situation of the new interior world of voluntary muscles. Repeated experiences build intermediate narratives, in the mind, which reduce the salience. Damasio concludes feelings relate closely and consistently with homeostasis, acting as its mental deputies once organisms developed 'nervous systems' about 600 million years ago, and building on the precursor regulatory devices supplied by evolution to social insects and prokaryotes and leveraging analogous dynamic constraints. Damasio suggests feelings contribute to the development of culture:
- As motives for intellectual creation: prompting detection and diagnosis of homeostatic deficiencies, identifying desirable states worthy of creative effort.
- As monitors of the success and failure of cultural instruments and practices
- As participants in the negotiation of adjustments required by the cultural process over time
.
John Reid is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
introduced Elton to cocaine, which soon became a compulsive addiction results from changes in the operation of the brain's reward network's regulatory regions, altering the anticipation of rewards. Addictive drugs mediate the receptors of the reward network, increasing dopamine in the pleasure centers of the cortex. The learned association of the situation with the reward makes addiction highly prone to relapse, when the situation is subsequently experienced. This makes addiction a chronic disease, where the sufferer must remain vigilant to avoid relapse inducing situations. Repeated exposure to the addictive drug alters the reward network. The neurons that produce dopamine are impaired, no longer sending dopamine to the reward target areas, reducing the feeling of pleasure. But the situational association remains strong driving the addict to repeat the addictive activity. Destroying the memory of the pleasure inducer may provide a treatment for addiction in the future. Addiction has a genetic component, which supports inheritance. Some other compulsive disorders: eating, gambling, sexual behavior; are similar to drug addiction.
. Elton notes it was an unfortunate decision to keep taking it: Without it he was full of energy, inquisitive, had a strong sense of humor and possessed a thirst for knowledge, but his situation had become so unusual he didn't feel he belonged. Cocaine made him feel accepted, but also to become self-obsessed, unreasonable, irresponsible and demanding - my way or the highway. Elton recalls being invited on stage at a Rolling Stones concert, but befuddled by cocaine he outstayed his welcome by three or four songs, eventually noticing Keith Richards getting very upset.
Elton was happily pair bonded is an increase in the strength of relationship between parents and parents and children in some species: prairie voles, bonobos - not monogamous, and humans. NIMH's Thomas Insel, Emory's Larry Young & Illinois's Sue Carter's research highlighted prairie voles, where pair-bonding is enabled by a genetic difference from montane voles in the operon controlling generation of the vasopressin receptor. Oxytocin is associated with pair bonding. There are: Higher levels of receptors in males (vasopressin) having lots of sex and in females (oxytocin) performing grooming & physical contact, Sex releases oxytocin in the nucleus accumbens of female prairie voles. Such pair-bonded males are less interested in other females. Insel, Young & Carter engineered: (1) Male mice brains to express the prairie vole version of the vasopressin receptor in their brains resulting in grooming and huddling with familiar females. (2) Male montane vole brains to add vasopressin receptors to the nucleus accumbens resulting in their being more socially affiliative with individual females. E.O. Wilson notes in humans the need to extend the bond out to support the long and costly development of their children has resulted in adjustments in genitalia and brains to encourage continued sexual activity to support and maintain pair-bonding. with John Reid, but like most males John is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
was very promiscuous, making Elton unhappy is an emotion which functions to mobilize the mind to seek capabilities and resources that support Darwinian fitness. Today happiness is associated with Epicurean ideas that were rediscovered during the renaissance and promoted by Thomas Jefferson. But natural selection has 'designed' happiness to support hunter-gatherer fitness in the African savanna. It is assessed: Relative to other's situations, Based on small gains or losses relative to one's current situation; and so what makes us [un-]happy and our responses can seem a counter-productive treadmill. For Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in the savanna there were many ways for losses to undermine fitness and so losses still make us very unhappy. Smoking, drinking and excessive eating were not significant and so don't make us unhappy even though they impact longevity. . Worse John was violent: he punched various people who angered is an emotion which protects a person who has been cheated by a supposed friend. When the exploitation of the altruism is discovered, Steven Pinker explains, the result is a drive for moralistic aggression to hurt the cheater. Anger is mostly experienced as a rapid wave that then quickly dissipates. When it is repressed, for example by a strong moral sense (superego), it can sustain, inducing long term stress.
him during the tours, getting jailed in New Zealand; eventually he is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
hit Elton during an argument so Elton broke off the relationship. But he kept John is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
as his manager.
115 Six
Tony King worked in the offices of DJM, renting a desk where he did publishing and promotions for George Martin's association of independent record producers (AIR). Elton explains he was notable for his style: suits, velvet trousers, satin items, from the hippest tailors in London, antique silk scarves, dyed hair with blond highlights; was openly gay. He had worked for The Rolling Stones, Roy Orbison and was friends with The Beetles. Elton found Tony hilarious and wanted to be like him - stylish, exotic, and outrageous. Tony included Elton in his dinner parties with friends including John Reid. And through his network of connections at AIR and Abbey Road, Tony helped Elton become one of their session musicians. Later when Tony was general manager of Apple Records' US operation he introduced Elton to John Lennon. Tony went on to focus on helping the Rolling Stones and Elton make their tour shows exceptional.became Apple Records US general manager, based in Los Angeles, where he introduced Elton to another of his idols, John Lennon. Lennon, then separated from Yoko and divorced from Cynthia, began palling around with Elton. They were remarkably similar: focused on musical is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
achievement, efficient in the studio, worried they would fail at their next goal, funny, both fun seeking, Potential for tantrums, addicted results from changes in the operation of the brain's reward network's regulatory regions, altering the anticipation of rewards. Addictive drugs mediate the receptors of the reward network, increasing dopamine in the pleasure centers of the cortex. The learned association of the situation with the reward makes addiction highly prone to relapse, when the situation is subsequently experienced. This makes addiction a chronic disease, where the sufferer must remain vigilant to avoid relapse inducing situations. Repeated exposure to the addictive drug alters the reward network. The neurons that produce dopamine are impaired, no longer sending dopamine to the reward target areas, reducing the feeling of pleasure. But the situational association remains strong driving the addict to repeat the addictive activity. Destroying the memory of the pleasure inducer may provide a treatment for addiction in the future. Addiction has a genetic component, which supports inheritance. Some other compulsive disorders: eating, gambling, sexual behavior; are similar to drug addiction.
to buying things, and they shared a passion for cocaine. Elton played and sang with John on two of the tracks for Lennon's new album. Lennon was worried that one of these songs, What Ever Gets You Through The Night, would not be a hit single. Elton bet him it would. When it reached Number One, Lennon agreed to accompany Elton and the band at the Thanksgiving performance at Madison Square Garden. It was a fantastic experience for Elton. Elton had helped John out by escorting Cynthia & Julian to New York on the SS France.
During each lunch period on the SS France, Elton composed, and consolidated is the process by which memories are made more stable and long lasting. Short-term memory traces maintained by attention supported working memory become represented by transduction cascades of kinase signalling pathways. Long term memory formation starts when these cascades successfully induce transcription, translation and protein synthesis and transport to synapses to support strengthening. Subsequently salient memories are further consolidated during sleep.
in memory in the brain includes functionally different types: Declarative, or explicit, (episodic and semantic), Implicit, Procedural, Spatial, Temporal, Verbal; Hebb suggested that glutamate receptive neurons learn by (NMDA channel based) synaptic strengthening: short term memory. This was shown to happen for explicit memory formation in the hippocampus. This strengthening is sustained by subsequent LTP. The non-real-time learning and planning processes operate through consciousness using the working memory structures, and then via sleep, the salient ones are consolidated while the rest are destroyed and garbage collected. , the music to Bernie's new lyrics. The result was Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy, a chronology of Elton & Bernie's lives. They recorded it at Caribou along with: a cover of Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds that John Lennon sang backing vocals and played guitar on; and Philadelphia Freedom written by Bernie and Elton for Billie Jean King's tennis team which they both adored. Captain Fantastic became the first album to enter the US charts at Number One.
Elton was still evolutionarilly driven to achieve more, and discarded Dee and Nigel from the band, seeking a funkier and more hard-driving sound. He replaced them with session musicians: Caleb Quaye worked as the in-house engineer at Dick James Music. He focused his time and DJM's resources on developing recordings of Elton John & Bernie Taupin's songs. Against company rules, he secretly worked on them at night, bringing in session musicians to try out arrangements and production ideas. When discovered he played the tapes to Dick James who offered to fund Elton and Bernie's productions.
, Roger Pope, James Newton Howard, and Kenny Passarelli; but since Bernie's wife Maxine had left him for Passarelli there were built in problems with Elton's plan. These were made worse by the interest everyone in the new band had in drugs. Elton was deeply unhappy: after breaking up with John Reid is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
, he had repeatedly fallen in love with men who didn't love him, and used and discarded many other lovers. He became obsessed with observing group gay sex - a habit that kept HIV is human immunodeficiency virus, an RNA retrovirus which causes AIDS. It infects T-lymphocytes helper cells slowly destroying the host's immune system. The main pandemic form of HIV is HIV-1 M which has been traced back to a spillover to Cameroon/Congolese forest Chimpanzees of SIVs that weakly infected proximate humans and then was amplified by social conditions in expanding towns: Ouesso, Brazzaville, Leopoldville; down river from these forests during the 1900 - 1920s. Additional amplification occurred through public health programs: Trypanosomiasis, STDs; which cross-infected subpopulations of Leopoldville/Kinshasa around the same time. UNESCO organized Haitian support for the DRC in the 1960s vectored HIV-1 M back to Haiti where the blood plasma trade provided an evolved amplifier for HIV-1 M infected plasma to flow into the US healthcare supply chain through Miami. Some HIV's enter the lymphocytes by leveraging the T cells CCR5 protein. The HIV X4 variant leverages CXCR4.
at a distance. He used suicide as a cry for help multiple times. Things got even tougher when he miss-designed a huge Wembley show where he committed to playing Captain Fantastic all the way through. He persisted even when it was clear he had lost the audience and people were leaving. Still, Rock of the Westies followed Captain Fantastic straight to Number One in the US charts and the mayor of Los Angeles declared Elton John Week, so he flew his family and friends over to LA, held a big party and then attempted suicide again. He still performed the Dodgers Stadium shows and they were both huge hits but he felt there was no place to go but down.
137 Seven
Elton could see his career cresting. Worse, when he and his mum was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.went backstage at an Elvis was a singer and entertainer who, according to Elton John, transformed southern US black blues and rock & roll music and introduced the result: Heartbreak Hotel - raw, sparse, slow, reverberating and eerie; to white audiences who felt the 'energy' Elvis signalled. Presley's appearance: clothes, hair, stance; was as striking and remarkable for the time as his music.
concert, he could imagine himself as the drug addled, bloated, super star, surrounded by hangers-on, that they met. Sheila was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
was right when she commented that Elvis would be dead within a year.
Elton's love life continued with a string of unhappy failures. He and Bernie were still making successful records, but the songs became more jazzy, and darker, reflecting what was going on in their lives. And although he enjoyed performing, fame left him trapped in his hotel between concerts. It seemed like a good time to retire.
His thinning hair became a popular topic of the tabloid press. And most of it fell out after a problem dye job. After hair transplants failed he opted for a wig. He finally admitted to a journalist, working for Rolling Stone, that he was bisexual and that his love-life was a disaster. It turned out that few people cared, except once he bought Watford Football Club and became its chairman; the opposing team's supporters would sing hilarious bawdy songs to & about him.
Turning round Watford football (soccer) club, gave him a new goal to achieve and helped ground him. The board and manager, Graham Taylor, would not tolerate his being drunk or an embarrassment to the club. He funded Taylor's player purchases, staffing, and infrastructure upgrades, and was repaid with rapid success that led to bigger gates, an FA cup final, international competitions, and profits.
156 Eight
Having retired from performing, Elton had a lot more free Carlo Rovelli resolves the paradox of time.
Rovelli initially explains that low level physics does not include time:
time to organize his life and take
drugs. Woodside, his recently purchased estate, in Old
Windsor, was large enough to justify paid help. And he
also invited his mother was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while. Rovelli initially explains that low level physics does not include time:
- A present that is common throughout the universe does not exist
- Events are only partially ordered. The present is localized
- The difference between past and future is not foundational. It occurs because of state that through our blurring appears particular to us
- Time passes at different speeds dependent on where we are and how fast we travel
- Time's rhythms are due to
the gravitational field
- Our quantized physics shows neither
space nor time, just processes transforming physical
variables.
- Fundamentally there is no time. The basic equations evolve together with events, not things
- Our familiar time emerges
- Our interaction with the world is partial, blurred,
quantum indeterminate
- The ignorance determines the existence of thermal time
and entropy that quantifies our uncertainty
- Directionality of time is real
but perspectival. The entropy of the world in
relation to us increases with our thermal time. The
growth of entropy distinguishes past from future: resulting in
traces and memories
- Each human is a
unified being because: we reflect the world, we
formed an image of a unified entity by
interacting with our kind, and because of the perspective
of memory
- The variable time: is one of the variables of the gravitational field. With our scale we don't register quantum fluctuations, making space-time appear determined. At our speed we don't perceive differences in time of different clocks, so we experience a single time: universal, uniform, ordered; which is helpful to our decisions
and Derf to manage the house and his personal expenses. Elton hoped this would bring him closer to his mum and make them both happy is an emotion which functions to mobilize the mind to seek capabilities and resources that support Darwinian fitness. Today happiness is associated with Epicurean ideas that were rediscovered during the renaissance and promoted by Thomas Jefferson. But natural selection has 'designed' happiness to support hunter-gatherer fitness in the African savanna. It is assessed: Relative to other's situations, Based on small gains or losses relative to one's current situation; and so what makes us [un-]happy and our responses can seem a counter-productive treadmill. For Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in the savanna there were many ways for losses to undermine fitness and so losses still make us very unhappy. Smoking, drinking and excessive eating were not significant and so don't make us unhappy even though they impact longevity. . He was mistaken: visibility into his extravagant spending - gifts for his friends, and furniture, art and oddities he purchased for the house - and his ever changing series of romantic partners; enabled her anger is an emotion which protects a person who has been cheated by a supposed friend. When the exploitation of the altruism is discovered, Steven Pinker explains, the result is a drive for moralistic aggression to hurt the cheater. Anger is mostly experienced as a rapid wave that then quickly dissipates. When it is repressed, for example by a strong moral sense (superego), it can sustain, inducing long term stress.
. And she also imperiously attacked the other staff. Eventually Sheila was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
and Derf moved away to the south coast. He setup his Grandmother was Reg Dwight's maternal grandmother. He recalls her as: no nonsense, hard-working, kind, funny, a great cook, loved a drink and a game of cards. She always had music playing, from the radio, record player or their piano. After her first husband died of cancer, she had remarried Horace Sewell, who was a gardener, introverted, had lost a leg in the Great War and was kind.
in a self-contained apartment in the grounds of Woodside, where he introduced her to the Queen Mother.
Left alone again by a failed romance, Elton recalls hearing Janet Street-Porter interviewing the Sex Pistols. He loved punk, the latest adolescent in humans supports the transition from a juvenile configuration, dependent on parents and structured to learn & logistically transform, to adult optimized to the proximate environment. And it is staged, encouraging male adolescents to escape the hierarchy they grew up in and enter other groups where they may bring in: fresh ideas, risk taking; and alter the existing hierarchy: Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates & Paul Allen; while females become highly focused on friendships and communications. It marks the beginning of Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development. The limbic, autonomic and hormone networks are already deployed and functioning effectively. The frontal cortex has to be pruned: winning neurons move to their final highly connected positions, and are myelinated over time. The rest dissolve. So the frontal lobe does not obtain its adult configuration and networked integration until the mid-twenties when prefrontal cortex control becomes optimal. The evolutionarily oldest areas of the frontal cortex mature first. The PFC must be iteratively customized by experience to do the right thing as an adult. Adolescents:
- Don't detect irony effectively. They depend on the DMPFC to do this, unlike adults who leverage the fusiform face area.
- Regulate emotions with the ventral striatum while the prefrontal cortex is still being setup. Dopamine projection density and signalling increase from the ventral tegmentum catalyzing increased interest in dopamine based rewards. Novelty seeking allows for creative exploration which was necessary to move beyond the familial pack. Criticisms do not get incorporated into learning models by adolescents leaving their risk assessments very poor. The target of the dopamine networks, the adolescent accumbens, responds to rewards like a gyrating top - hugely to large rewards, and negatively to small rewards. Eventually as the frontal regions increase in contribution there are steady improvements in: working memory, flexible rule use, executive organization and task shifting. And adolescents start to see other people's perspective.
- Drive the cellular transformations with post-pubescent high levels of testosterone in males, and high but fluctuating estrogen & progesterone levels in females. Blood flow to the frontal cortex is also diverted on occasion to the groin.
- Peer pressure is exceptionally influential in adolescents. Admired peer comments reduce vmPFC activity and enhance ventral striatal activity. Adults modulate the mental impact of socially mean treatment: the initial activation of the PAG, anterior cingulate, amygdala, insula cortex; which generate feelings of pain, anger, and disgust, with the VLPFC but that does not occur in adolescents.
- Feel empathy intensely, supported by their rampant emotions, interest in novelty, ego. But feeling the pain of others can induce self-oriented avoidance of the situations.
, and was ecstatic to hear Johnny Rotten declare 'Rod Stewart is a useless old fucker.' He informed Rod, who was then 32, of the comment, and contacted Street-Porter, who became a long-term friend.
He left DJM is Dick James Music:
- Is a music production company in New Oxford Street,
London
- Administered Ray Williams of Liberty Records,
production company
- Employed Caleb Quaye as
in-house engineer. And Steve Brown as studio
manager.
- Dick James funded Elton John
and Bernie Taupin's song publishing, paying Elton extra to
sing and play piano on the demo recordings. Once
James realized the potential of Elton & Bernie's
second album he drove it and them through the evolved amplifier of American
entertainment and communications.
- Tony King worked on
publishing and promotion for George Martin's association
of independent record producers (AIR) from a desk he
rented from DJM. He influenced Elton's style,
introduced him to his network of friends, and helped him
find work as a session musician.
- Is a music production company in New Oxford Street, London
- Administered Ray Williams of Liberty Records, production company
- Employed Caleb Quaye as in-house engineer. And Steve Brown as studio manager.
- Dick James funded Elton John and Bernie Taupin's song publishing, paying Elton extra to sing and play piano on the demo recordings. Once James realized the potential of Elton & Bernie's second album he drove it and them through the evolved amplifier of American entertainment and communications.
- Tony King worked on publishing and promotion for George Martin's association of independent record producers (AIR) from a desk he rented from DJM. He influenced Elton's style, introduced him to his network of friends, and helped him find work as a session musician.
- Plaques started to gather in the coronary arteries and grew until no blood flow was possible. If this is true it makes sense to preventatively treat the buildup with angioplasty.
- Plaques form anywhere in the body due to atherosclerosis and then break up and get lodged in the coronary artery and start to clot. If this is true it makes sense to preventatively limit the buildup of plaques with drugs like statins or PCSK9 inhibitors.
- The short term response to the stressor
- activates the amygdala which: Stimulates the brain stem resulting in inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system and activation of the sympathetic nervous system with the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine deployed around the body, Activates the PVN which generates a cascade resulting in glucocorticoid secretion to: get energy to the muscles with increased blood pressure for a powerful response. The brain's acuity and cognition are stimulated. The immune system is stimulated with beta-endorphin and repair activities curtail. In order for the body to destroy bacteria in wounds, pro-inflammatory cytokines increase blood flow to the area. The induced inflammation signals the brain to activate the insula and through it the ACC. But when the stressor is
- long term: loneliness, debt; and no action is necessary, or possible, long term damage ensues. Damage from such stress may only occur in specific situations: Nuclear families coping with parents moving in. Sustained stress provides an evolved amplifier of a position of dominance and status. It is a strategy in female aggression used to limit reproductive competition. Sustained stress:
- Stops the frontal cortex from ensuring we do the harder thing, instead substituting amplification of the individual's propensity for risk-taking and impairing risk assessment!
- Activates the integration between the thalamus and amygdala.
- Acts differently on the amygdala in comparison to the frontal cortex and hippocampus: Stress strengthens the integration between the Amygdala and the hippocampus, making the hippocampus fearful.
- BLA & BNST respond with increased BDNF levels and expanded dendrites persistently increasing anxiety and fear conditioning.
- Makes it easier to learn a fear association and to consolidate it into long-term memory. Sustained stress makes it harder to unlearn fear by making the prefrontal cortex inhibit the BLA from learning to break the fear association and weakening the prefrontal cortex's hold over the amygdala. And glucocorticoids decrease activation of the medial prefrontal cortex during processing of emotional faces. Accuracy of assessing emotions from faces suffers. A terrified rat generating lots of glucocorticoids will cause dendrites in the hippocampus to atrophy but when it generates the same amount from excitement of running on a wheel the dendrites expand. The activation of the amygdala seems to determine how the hippocampus responds.
- Depletes the nucleus accumbens of dopamine biasing rats toward social subordination and biasing humans toward depression.
- Disrupts working memory by amplifying norepinephrine signalling in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala to prefrontal cortex signalling until they become destructive. It also desynchronizes activation in different frontal lobe regions impacting shifting of attention.
- Increases the risk of autoimmune disease (Jan 2017)
- During depression, stress inhibits dopamine signalling.
- Strategies for stress reduction include: Mindfulness.
He agreed with Bernie that they should split up to try working with other people. But then he was jealous is an emotion driven by the large investment by parents in their children's development combined with a human sexual asymmetry: fertilization occurs inside the female's body, so a male can't be sure it is supporting its own ofspring.
when Bernie and Alice Cooper made a great record together, supported by Dee Murray and Davey Johnston. Elton experimented with soul/disco, started collaborating with Tim Rice, and even wrote the lyrics to some of his own songs.
After changing his mind about retirement on multiple, expensive occasions, he did start touring small clubs accompanied only by Ray Cooper. That demanded razor sharp play and concentration. He found the apprehension and excitement before each performance exhilarating. And Ray would get the audience involved in the performance, which was particularly useful when they performed in the Soviet Union: they had to get the fans involved and out of their seats which were always behind those of the dignitaries sleeping at the front. Re-motivated, Elton decided to do another global tour with a full band and outrageous costumes. But part way through the tour, Elton learned that John Lennon had been brutally murdered by a total stranger! Instead, Elton remembers Lennon by his surreal, biting, satirical humor - John would have loved Mr. Creosote exploding.
178 Nine
Meeting Duran Duran on the way to the bar in his hotel, Elton is introduced to Vodka Martini, which when consumed in excess makes him aggressive, exhibitionist and without any recollection of these events. He has previously removed most of the Terrence Deacon explores how constraints on dynamic flows can
induce emergent phenomena
which can do real work. He shows how these phenomena are
sustained. The mechanism enables
the development of Darwinian competition.
constraints
on his decision
making integrates situational context, state and signals to prioritize among strategies and respond in a timely manner. It occurs in all animals, including us and our organizations: - Individual human decision making includes conscious and unconscious aspects. Situational context is highly influential: supplying meaning to our general mechanisms, & for robots too. Emotions are important in providing a balanced judgement. The adaptive unconscious interprets percepts quickly supporting 'fast' decision making. Conscious decision making, supported by the: DLPFC, vmPFC and limbic system; can use slower autonomy. The amygdala, during unsettling or uncertain social situations, signals the decision making regions of the frontal lobe, including the orbitofrontal cortex. The BLA supports rejecting unacceptable offers. Moral decisions are influenced by a moral decision switch. Sleeping before making an important decision is useful in obtaining the support of the unconscious in developing a preference. Word framing demonstrates the limitations of our fast intuitive decision making processes. And prior positive associations detected by the hippocampus, can be reactivated with the support of the striatum linking it to the memory of a reward, inducing a bias into our choices. Prior to the development of the PFC, the ventral striatum supports adolescent decision making. Neurons involved in decision making in the association areas of the cortex are active for much longer than neurons participating in the sensory areas of the cortex. This allows them to link perceptions with a provisional action plan. Association neurons can track probabilities connected to a choice. As evidence is accumulated and a threshold is reached a choice is made, making fast thinking highly adaptive. Diseases including: schizophrenia and anorexia; highlight aspects of human decision making.
- Organisations often struggle to balance top down and distributed decision making: parliamentry government must use a process, health care is attempting to improve the process: checklists, end-to-end care; and include more participants, but has systemic issues, business leaders struggle with strategy.
- Size and weapons to demonstrate who will win. Males who are, or look like, better fighters: Large heads, Big men, Height; gain in dominance.
- Political acumen to demonstrate they won't be pushed around and have the support of other powerful groups. Dominant males push other rivals aside and gain interest of females, enabling themselves to replicate more. Being a signal its authenticity can be challenged and so must be defended to remain credible. Hotheads leverage the doomsday machine to constrain rational challenges. Bands and cultures leverage honor. Youth and lack of resources reduce the power of rivals' political constraints.
Elton is seeking happiness is an emotion which functions to mobilize the mind to seek capabilities and resources that support Darwinian fitness. Today happiness is associated with Epicurean ideas that were rediscovered during the renaissance and promoted by Thomas Jefferson. But natural selection has 'designed' happiness to support hunter-gatherer fitness in the African savanna. It is assessed: Relative to other's situations, Based on small gains or losses relative to one's current situation; and so what makes us [un-]happy and our responses can seem a counter-productive treadmill. For Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in the savanna there were many ways for losses to undermine fitness and so losses still make us very unhappy. Smoking, drinking and excessive eating were not significant and so don't make us unhappy even though they impact longevity. with the strategies that have helped him achieve stardom. He got back together with Bernie. They created exceptional recordings with an expanded team of record producers, and a full orchestra. But having contracted with a new US is the United States of America. label, Geffen Records, Elton didn't like the experience much.
Out of control, he went to a session to record a video for I'm Still Standing, where, blind drunk he stripped naked, hit John Reid is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
and subsequently smashed up a hotel room. The experience didn't change his approach, or make him happy.
He heard from his step-brothers that his father was Reg's father, who worked in the Royal Air Force, but also played trumpet in a band, through which he met his first wife Sheila - who came to watch. He also loved football (soccer) and his nephews were professional footballers. He was often away from home, was stubborn and rule bound when he was there, had a terrible short temper, was always critical of Reg, and arguing with his wife. After they divorced he remarried and had four more boys who adored him. But he was never able to show any affection to Reg. He died in 1991 and Reg could not bring himself to attend the funeral.
was ill and needed surgery. He offered to help and took his father to a football game, where they spent time with the directors and managers of Watford Football Club. But it made no difference. His father refused his offer, was as cold as ever, and they never saw each other again.
Elton started to pursue a quiet German recording engineer, a girl named Renata Blauel. They married on Valentine's Day. Elton recalls the telegram from his close friend Rod Stewart: "You may still be standing, dear, but the rest of us are on the fucking floor."
194 Ten
Elton's power over his life becomes totally destructive as he starts using drugs at the recording and production of Leather Jackets. His judgment is undermined allowing poor quality material onto the record.Elton started to be affected by health issues:
- He began to lose his voice, particularly while speaking,
but as time went on even when singing. Eventually he
had to see a specialist. The doctor, Dr. John Tonkin,
concluded from an examination of Elton's larynx that he had
cysts developing on his vocal chords, probably caused by
smoking dope. Only
a biopsy would determine if they were cancerous is the out-of-control growth of cells, which have stopped obeying their cooperative schematic planning and signalling infrastructure. It results from compounded: oncogene, tumor suppressor, DNA caretaker; mutations in the DNA. In 2010 one third of Americans are likely to die of cancer. Cell division rates did not predict likelihood of cancer. Viral infections are associated. Radiation and carcinogen exposure are associated. Lifestyle impacts the likelihood of cancer occurring: Drinking alcohol to excess, lack of exercise, Obesity, Smoking, More sun than your evolved melanin protection level; all significantly increase the risk of cancer occurring (Jul 2016).
. If they were he would never speak or sing again. Otherwise his voice might be altered. Elton found the diagnosis terrifying. Eventually he had the cysts removed. They were not cancerous and while his voice changed he could still sing. - He began to hear of close friends, or friends of friends
who were dying of AIDS is acquired auto-immune deficiency syndrome, a pandemic disease caused by the HIV. It also amplifies the threat of tuberculosis. Initially deadly, infecting and destroying the T-lymphocytes of the immune system, it can now be treated with HAART to become a chronic disease. And with an understanding of HIV's mode of entry into the T-cells, through its binding to CCR5 and CD4 encoded transmembrane proteins, AIDS may be susceptible to treatment with recombinant DNA to alter the CCR5 binding site, or with drugs that bind to the CCR5 cell surface protein preventing binding by the virus. Future optimization of drug delivery may leverage nanoscale research (May 2016).
. He found it horrifying. And having been disturbed by the story of Ryan White, a hemophiliac is the inability to form blood clots. There are multiple forms: A, B; with mutations of different clotting factor genes. Traditional treatment: Advate; is expensive for the hemophiliacs (Jan 2016). Gene therapy holds the promise of replacing the defective somatic genes in the liver of the sufferer (Aug 2018).
, who caught AIDS from a contaminated treatment and was ostracized and attacked by his local community for having AIDS. Elton offered to provide finance to assist in the family's moving away. Ryan's family refused the gift but accepted a loan. Elton took Ryan to Disneyland, marveling at his stoic resolve to enjoy life even in his awful deteriorating situation.
- The short term response to the stressor
- activates the amygdala which: Stimulates the brain stem resulting in inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system and activation of the sympathetic nervous system with the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine deployed around the body, Activates the PVN which generates a cascade resulting in glucocorticoid secretion to: get energy to the muscles with increased blood pressure for a powerful response. The brain's acuity and cognition are stimulated. The immune system is stimulated with beta-endorphin and repair activities curtail. In order for the body to destroy bacteria in wounds, pro-inflammatory cytokines increase blood flow to the area. The induced inflammation signals the brain to activate the insula and through it the ACC. But when the stressor is
- long term: loneliness, debt; and no action is necessary, or possible, long term damage ensues. Damage from such stress may only occur in specific situations: Nuclear families coping with parents moving in. Sustained stress provides an evolved amplifier of a position of dominance and status. It is a strategy in female aggression used to limit reproductive competition. Sustained stress:
- Stops the frontal cortex from ensuring we do the harder thing, instead substituting amplification of the individual's propensity for risk-taking and impairing risk assessment!
- Activates the integration between the thalamus and amygdala.
- Acts differently on the amygdala in comparison to the frontal cortex and hippocampus: Stress strengthens the integration between the Amygdala and the hippocampus, making the hippocampus fearful.
- BLA & BNST respond with increased BDNF levels and expanded dendrites persistently increasing anxiety and fear conditioning.
- Makes it easier to learn a fear association and to consolidate it into long-term memory. Sustained stress makes it harder to unlearn fear by making the prefrontal cortex inhibit the BLA from learning to break the fear association and weakening the prefrontal cortex's hold over the amygdala. And glucocorticoids decrease activation of the medial prefrontal cortex during processing of emotional faces. Accuracy of assessing emotions from faces suffers. A terrified rat generating lots of glucocorticoids will cause dendrites in the hippocampus to atrophy but when it generates the same amount from excitement of running on a wheel the dendrites expand. The activation of the amygdala seems to determine how the hippocampus responds.
- Depletes the nucleus accumbens of dopamine biasing rats toward social subordination and biasing humans toward depression.
- Disrupts working memory by amplifying norepinephrine signalling in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala to prefrontal cortex signalling until they become destructive. It also desynchronizes activation in different frontal lobe regions impacting shifting of attention.
- Increases the risk of autoimmune disease (Jan 2017)
- During depression, stress inhibits dopamine signalling.
- Strategies for stress reduction include: Mindfulness.
and grandmother was Reg Dwight's maternal grandmother. He recalls her as: no nonsense, hard-working, kind, funny, a great cook, loved a drink and a game of cards. She always had music playing, from the radio, record player or their piano. After her first husband died of cancer, she had remarried Horace Sewell, who was a gardener, introverted, had lost a leg in the Great War and was kind.
. But he persisted and they settled out of court, paying a huge penalty and printing a full page apology.
After four years of marriage, Elton's personality describes the operation of the mind from the perspective of psychological models and tests based on them. Early 'Western' models of personality resulted in a simple segmentation noting the tension between: individual desires and group needs, and developing models and performing actions. Dualistic 'Eastern' philosophies promote the legitimacy of an essence which Riso & Hudson argue is hidden within a shell of personality types and is only reached by developing presence. The logic of a coherent essence is in conflict with the evolved nature of emotions outlined by Pinker. Terman's studies of personality identified types which Friedman and Martin link to healthy and unhealthy pathways. Current psychiatric models highlight at least five key aspects:
- Extroversion-introversion - whether the person gains mental dynamism from socializing or retiring
- Neuroticism-stability - does a person worry or are they calm and self-satisfied
- Agreeableness-antagonism - is a person courteous & trusting or rude and suspicious
- Conscientiousness-un-directedness - is a person careful or careless
- Openness-non-openness - are they daring or conforming
, drug binges; drove Renata to accept a divorce. He still loved her and she unconditionally loved him, but he had broken her heart.
211 Eleven
Elton indulged his passion for shopping until he had filled every bit of free space at Woodside including the squash court. After Renata left he decided to auction off almost everything in the house, so he could start over!With no one powerful enough to stop him, he further distorted his judgment with drugs and alcohol. Even the other rock and roll stars found his behavior increasingly bizarre! But he pressed on, and had more career success with the album, Sleeping With The Past, themed for the old soul music he played at nightclubs in the sixties, which included Sacrifice, his first British solo Number One. But he finally allowed himself to perform while intoxicated. He knew he was making mistakes but couldn't stop.
He got involved with Hugh Williams, who lived in Atlanta, so he spent more time in the US allowing him to see more of Ryan White. And he was there for Ryan White's final days, after which, comparing himself to friends, including Elizabeth Taylor, he became convinced that he wasn't doing enough to help others. His lover Hugh, told him he was going into rehab, which Elton tried to stop by throwing a terrible tantrum. Hugh went anyway and Elton followed him to the rehab and caused another scene demanding Hugh leave. Hugh continued with the program and then moved into a halfway house. Elton, back in London, collapsed into total misery and degeneracy: drugs, alcohol, porn, binge eating and bulimia. Desperate to see Hugh and terrified of what he was doing to himself, Elton agreed to an intervention. Hugh and his counselor confronted Elton about his string of addictions results from changes in the operation of the brain's reward network's regulatory regions, altering the anticipation of rewards. Addictive drugs mediate the receptors of the reward network, increasing dopamine in the pleasure centers of the cortex. The learned association of the situation with the reward makes addiction highly prone to relapse, when the situation is subsequently experienced. This makes addiction a chronic disease, where the sufferer must remain vigilant to avoid relapse inducing situations. Repeated exposure to the addictive drug alters the reward network. The neurons that produce dopamine are impaired, no longer sending dopamine to the reward target areas, reducing the feeling of pleasure. But the situational association remains strong driving the addict to repeat the addictive activity. Destroying the memory of the pleasure inducer may provide a treatment for addiction in the future. Addiction has a genetic component, which supports inheritance. Some other compulsive disorders: eating, gambling, sexual behavior; are similar to drug addiction.
. Elton, burst into tears, and finally agreed he had a problem and wanted to get better.
227 Twelve
With so many addictions results from changes in the operation of the brain's reward network's regulatory regions, altering the anticipation of rewards. Addictive drugs mediate the receptors of the reward network, increasing dopamine in the pleasure centers of the cortex. The learned association of the situation with the reward makes addiction highly prone to relapse, when the situation is subsequently experienced. This makes addiction a chronic disease, where the sufferer must remain vigilant to avoid relapse inducing situations. Repeated exposure to the addictive drug alters the reward network. The neurons that produce dopamine are impaired, no longer sending dopamine to the reward target areas, reducing the feeling of pleasure. But the situational association remains strong driving the addict to repeat the addictive activity. Destroying the memory of the pleasure inducer may provide a treatment for addiction in the future. Addiction has a genetic component, which supports inheritance. Some other compulsive disorders: eating, gambling, sexual behavior; are similar to drug addiction.Elton struggled to find a suitable rehabilitation center. He checked in to the Lutheran Hospital, at Park Ridge, Illinois. He had to do chores himself which he began to enjoy. The treatment program used a twelve step process which forced Elton to abandon his current addictions, confront the shameful is an emotional reaction to being discovered cheating on a friend.
creature that he had become, understand other addicts' lives and compare himself to them. This allowed him to: realize that he has always seen himself negatively, to accept the struggles of his childhood, and to befriend Reg Dwight. He wrote I AM WORTHY, I AM A GOOD PERSON on the folder in which he took notes.
Part of the twelve step program was to accept God, which Elton notes was a problem for him and many other addicts that he later helped recover. They did not want to accept the dogma and bigotry of the
Kevin Kruse argues that from 1930 onwards the corporate elite
and the Republican party have developed and relentlessly
executed strategies to undermine Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal. Their
successful strategy used the credibility of conservative
religious leaders to:
Following our summary of his arguments RSS frames them from the perspective of complex adaptive system (CAS) theory. Strategy is the art of the possible. But it also depends on persistence.
Moral Majority.
Eventually he
rationalized the serendipitous aspects of
his life with the influence of some higher force.
But this aspect of rehabilitation had left George Michael, for
example, unable to follow Elton's path and avoid
self-destruction. - Demonstrate religious issues
with the New Deal.
- Integrate the corporate
elite and evangelicals.
- Use the power of corporate advertising and Hollywood to reeducate the American people to view the US as historically religious and the New Deal and liberalism as anti-religious socialism.
- Focus the message through evangelicals including Vereide and Graham.
- Centralize the strategy through President Eisenhower.
- Add religious elements to mainstream American symbols: money, pledge;
- Push for prayer in
public school
- Push Congress to promote prayer
- Make elections more
about religious positions.
Following our summary of his arguments RSS frames them from the perspective of complex adaptive system (CAS) theory. Strategy is the art of the possible. But it also depends on persistence.
Once he completed the rehab program Elton, stopped working for a year, lived alone, got up early each day, did his chores, went to 12 step programs for each of his addictions daily, and related to the ordinary people who described their lives and their struggles, and he admired the everyday world as he walked his rescue dog, Thomas.
All this
Carlo Rovelli resolves the paradox of time.
Rovelli initially explains that low level physics does not include time:
time life was
proceeding. Stevie Ray Vaughan, on tour with Eric Clapton,
died in a helicopter crash, while Elton was in rehab. It
had been difficult to find out if Ray Cooper, who was
performing with Eric on the tour, was also dead. And
Elton's father was Reg's father, who worked in the Royal Air Force, but also played trumpet in a band, through which he met his first wife Sheila - who came to watch. He also loved football (soccer) and his nephews were professional footballers. He was often away from home, was stubborn and rule bound when he was there, had a terrible short temper, was always critical of Reg, and arguing with his wife. After they divorced he remarried and had four more boys who adored him. But he was never able to show any affection to Reg. He died in 1991 and Reg could not bring himself to attend the funeral. Rovelli initially explains that low level physics does not include time:
- A present that is common throughout the universe does not exist
- Events are only partially ordered. The present is localized
- The difference between past and future is not foundational. It occurs because of state that through our blurring appears particular to us
- Time passes at different speeds dependent on where we are and how fast we travel
- Time's rhythms are due to
the gravitational field
- Our quantized physics shows neither
space nor time, just processes transforming physical
variables.
- Fundamentally there is no time. The basic equations evolve together with events, not things
- Our familiar time emerges
- Our interaction with the world is partial, blurred,
quantum indeterminate
- The ignorance determines the existence of thermal time
and entropy that quantifies our uncertainty
- Directionality of time is real
but perspectival. The entropy of the world in
relation to us increases with our thermal time. The
growth of entropy distinguishes past from future: resulting in
traces and memories
- Each human is a
unified being because: we reflect the world, we
formed an image of a unified entity by
interacting with our kind, and because of the perspective
of memory
- The variable time: is one of the variables of the gravitational field. With our scale we don't register quantum fluctuations, making space-time appear determined. At our speed we don't perceive differences in time of different clocks, so we experience a single time: universal, uniform, ordered; which is helpful to our decisions
died. He did not go to the funeral.
248 Thirteen
Elton concluded that the higher force was supporting his post rehabilitation progress:- Tim Rice asked him if he would write the music to
accompany his lyrics to Disney's film, The Lion King.
To Elton it was like composing Captain Fantastic. The
soundtrack was a commercial hit which kept Voodoo Lounge off
the US Number One spot!
- He finally found a serious partner, Canadian advertising
executive, David Furnish, who accepted Elton warts and
all. David even coped with meeting Elton's mum was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
, Derf and a seriously deranged Michael Jackson at a lunch they hosted. David helped Elton produce the tell-all documentary Tantrums and Tiaras, which Elton liked, while it horrified George Michael.
- Elton and David enjoyed a friendship with Gianni Versace,
who was like Elton's personality describes the operation of the mind from the perspective of psychological models and tests based on them. Early 'Western' models of personality resulted in a simple segmentation noting the tension between: individual desires and group needs, and developing models and performing actions. Dualistic 'Eastern' philosophies promote the legitimacy of an essence which Riso & Hudson argue is hidden within a shell of personality types and is only reached by developing presence. The logic of a coherent essence is in conflict with the evolved nature of emotions outlined by Pinker. Terman's studies of personality identified types which Friedman and Martin link to healthy and unhealthy pathways. Current psychiatric models highlight at least five key aspects:
- Extroversion-introversion - whether the person gains mental dynamism from socializing or retiring
- Neuroticism-stability - does a person worry or are they calm and self-satisfied
- Agreeableness-antagonism - is a person courteous & trusting or rude and suspicious
- Conscientiousness-un-directedness - is a person careful or careless
- Openness-non-openness - are they daring or conforming
; until
- Extroversion-introversion - whether the person gains mental dynamism from socializing or retiring
271 Fourteen
While Elton found it strange and interesting to mix with the Royal Family, he noted that Princess Diana was the most down to earth. But she was also a focus of interest and desire, and after her divorce from Prince Charles, would attend Elton and David Furnish's dinner parties where media stars: Stallone & Gere; would fight for her attentions. Elton and Diana fell out but became friends again after Gianni Versace's murder. But soon after, Diana died, and Richard Branson asked Elton to construct a tailored version of Candle In The Wind, and perform it at the funeral. Elton and Bernie did this, and the version was released with the profits going to Diana's charities.To cope with the sad series of events, Elton focused on touring. He and Billy Joel would tour around the world, singing each other's songs. Elton aimed to do the same with Tina Turner, but it turned out their personalities did not align. Elton loved to improvise, enjoying the reward is a synaptic signal supporting generalized goal-directed behavior & anticipation of reward. Its significance is that the receptors that detect the signal are of the slow acting type and are used to alter (modulate) the response of fast acting dopaminergic neural circuits in which the receptors are deployed (LTP). The signal detects significant changes including predictions of models and actual results which differ unexpectedly. Dopamine is released primarily by neurons of the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra. The dopamine network architecture is designed to signal the possibility of any type of reward: Norm violation punishment, Winning a lottery, & Misfortune of an envied competitor. Dopamine signalling:
- Rescales continuously to accommodate the range of intensity offered by different stimuli. So dopamine's responses to any reward habituate. GABA is released by some tegmental neurons to induce habituation. This allows addictions to develop.
- Reflects the anticipation of reward. It supports establishment of a relationship between a signal, working for a reward and obtaining the reward, but subsequently dopamine is mainly released encouraging the work, right after the signal supporting anticipation of the reward. Anticipation requires learning and is reflected in hippocampus activity. That explains context dependent cravings. And the learning architecture means reliable cues become rewarding. The accumbens supports willpower. And dopamine
- Promotes goal-oriented behavior needed to obtain & likely to achieve the reward - through the dopamine projections to the prefrontal cortex. That makes dopamine central to:
- Motivation. This binding fails in depression - due to stress and in anxiety - due to signals from the amygdala.
- The prefrontal cortex's mesocortically stimulated support for willpower to act to delay rewards. To sustain work for delayed rewards additional dopamine is released based on the length of the delay and the rewards uncertainty (modelled in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - which promotes the long term and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex - which promotes the short term) and the anticipated size of the reward (modelled in the accumbens). Impulsiveness in ADHD is reflected in abnormal dopamine processing. Addictive drugs bias the dopamine network towards impulsiveness.
- Is lowered by certain gene variants which induce: less dopamine in the synapse, fewer receptors, lower responsiveness of receptors; associated with (as tiny effects in hugely varying social scenarios): sensation seeking, risk taking, attentional problems, extroversion; where:
- The receptor D4's gene shows high variability. The D47R form is relatively unresponsive to dopamine.
- Dopamine is degraded by COMT. The COMT gene includes a variant which is highly efficient reducing dopamine signalling but with complicating gene/environment interactions.
- Dopamine is removed from the synapse by a reuptake transporter DAT.
idea from one of the band. Tina wanted everything to be accurate and each performance to be identical. They could not work together.
Elton had no interest in his financial affairs. He left all that to John Reid is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
Enterprises. Elton had sold records and toured successfully since he was twenty and assumed that revenue would cover his expenses and excessive spending. He accepted Reid's plan to sell his current and future record royalties for a lump sum of capital. Elton used this to buy four houses, and pay off his team's mortgages. Elton and David were shocked to discover they were deep in debt. They terminated the management relationship with John Reid is an outrageous, gay Scotsman. He grew up as a tough guy from Paisley, but is also funny, ambitious, confident and the UK label manager for Tamla Motown. He convinced Motown to release Tears Of A Clown as a single. He and Elton John became a couple and he became Elton's manager. After they split up, John managed other stars including Billy Connolly and Queen. Once again he picked out Bohemian Rhapsody as a huge hit. John continued to manage Elton's financial affairs, while Elton generated revenue and royalties from record sales and performances and spent exorbitantly. After Elton agreed with Reid to sell his historic and future royalty stream for a lump sum, Elton's revenues did not cover his expenses and spending. Elton disputed the fairness of John Reid Enterprises' management of his accounts, demanded that Reid return some capital, and terminated the management relationship. John Reid returned $5 million to Elton, gave up his share of Elton's future royalties, closed down his management company and retired.
Enterprises and had a lawyer claw back some of the funds Elton had paid Reid. Another significant relationship had died.
291 Fifteen
Elton started writing film scores, which turned out to be an interesting technical challenge, and the film Billy Elliot reminded Elton of his struggles with his dad was Reg's father, who worked in the Royal Air Force, but also played trumpet in a band, through which he met his first wife Sheila - who came to watch. He also loved football (soccer) and his nephews were professional footballers. He was often away from home, was stubborn and rule bound when he was there, had a terrible short temper, was always critical of Reg, and arguing with his wife. After they divorced he remarried and had four more boys who adored him. But he was never able to show any affection to Reg. He died in 1991 and Reg could not bring himself to attend the funeral., driving him to help it become a musical.
Bernie was so frustrated with their recent records he travelled to France to lobby Elton, to change the process they were using. Bernie felt their recent records had been disasters, and inconvenient to make. So they agreed to make the next ones in Los Angeles, near where Bernie lives, to
Walter Shewhart's iterative development process is found in many
complex adaptive systems (CAS).
The mechanism is reviewed and its value in coping with random
events is explained.
explore and extend the musical is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized. Good ideas are successful because they build upon prior
developments that have been successfully implemented.
Johnson demonstrates that they are phenotypic expressions of
memetic plans subject to the laws of complex adaptive systems (CAS).
ideas they had worked on in their early twenties. This
resulted in creations:
Songs from the West Coast, Peachtree Road, The Captain and the
Kid, The Driving Board; they felt are subjective models: sad, glad, mad, scared, surprised, and compassionate; of the organism and its proximate environment, including ratings of situations signalled by broadly distributed chemicals and neural circuits. These feelings become highly salient inputs, evolutionarily associated, to higher level emotions encoded in neural circuits: amygdala, and insula. Deacon shows James' conception of feeling can build sentience. Damasio, similarly, asserts feelings reveal to the conscious mind the subjective status of life: good, bad, in between; within a higher organism. They especially indicate the affective situation within the old interior world of the viscera located in the abdomen, thorax and thick of the skin - so smiling makes one feel happy; but augmented with the reports from the situation of the new interior world of voluntary muscles. Repeated experiences build intermediate narratives, in the mind, which reduce the salience. Damasio concludes feelings relate closely and consistently with homeostasis, acting as its mental deputies once organisms developed 'nervous systems' about 600 million years ago, and building on the precursor regulatory devices supplied by evolution to social insects and prokaryotes and leveraging analogous dynamic constraints. Damasio suggests feelings contribute to the development of culture: - As motives for intellectual creation: prompting detection and diagnosis of homeostatic deficiencies, identifying desirable states worthy of creative effort.
- As monitors of the success and failure of cultural instruments and practices
- As participants in the negotiation of adjustments required by the cultural process over time
Carlo Rovelli resolves the paradox of time.
Rovelli initially explains that low level physics does not include time:
time,
but which had less commercial success. Rovelli initially explains that low level physics does not include time:
- A present that is common throughout the universe does not exist
- Events are only partially ordered. The present is localized
- The difference between past and future is not foundational. It occurs because of state that through our blurring appears particular to us
- Time passes at different speeds dependent on where we are and how fast we travel
- Time's rhythms are due to
the gravitational field
- Our quantized physics shows neither
space nor time, just processes transforming physical
variables.
- Fundamentally there is no time. The basic equations evolve together with events, not things
- Our familiar time emerges
- Our interaction with the world is partial, blurred,
quantum indeterminate
- The ignorance determines the existence of thermal time
and entropy that quantifies our uncertainty
- Directionality of time is real
but perspectival. The entropy of the world in
relation to us increases with our thermal time. The
growth of entropy distinguishes past from future: resulting in
traces and memories
- Each human is a
unified being because: we reflect the world, we
formed an image of a unified entity by
interacting with our kind, and because of the perspective
of memory
- The variable time: is one of the variables of the gravitational field. With our scale we don't register quantum fluctuations, making space-time appear determined. At our speed we don't perceive differences in time of different clocks, so we experience a single time: universal, uniform, ordered; which is helpful to our decisions
The UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. was finally ready to provide LGBTQ people with legal rights including civil unions. Elton and David Furnish entered into a civil partnership and almost everyone came to celebrate: people lined the streets heading to the Windsor Guildhall, and handed out flowers and food, 600 friends attended their party at Woodside, and David's parents flew over from Canada. But while his mother was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
and Derf attended, it was to protest the union and David's parent's acceptance of it. It hurt Elton, but he was now in a committed long-term relationship with David, that wasn't built around codependency.
Elton discovered that Leon Russell was ill and had fallen upon hard times. Leon was still Elton John's early inspiration, and an exceptional singer and piano player. Elton got in contact with him and they agreed to make a record, The Union, together. It was a success, helping Leon get a new record deal, be made a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, make money and tour until he died in 2016.
313 Sixteen
Elton was befriended twice by orphans at centers supported by his AIDS is acquired auto-immune deficiency syndrome, a pandemic disease caused by the HIV. It also amplifies the threat of tuberculosis. Initially deadly, infecting and destroying the T-lymphocytes of the immune system, it can now be treated with HAART to become a chronic disease. And with an understanding of HIV's mode of entry into the T-cells, through its binding to CCR5 and CD4 encoded transmembrane proteins, AIDS may be susceptible to treatment with recombinant DNA to alter the CCR5 binding site, or with drugs that bind to the CCR5 cell surface protein preventing binding by the virus. Future optimization of drug delivery may leverage nanoscale research (May 2016).charity: First, Noosa, in Soweto, South Africa, and then Lev in Donetsk, Ukraine. The effect is transformational on Elton making him as interested in parenting as David already was. So they decide to have a family: Zachary and Elijah; using their sperm, a surrogate mother and network in California.
Elton and David quietly get married when the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. allows. The only attendees are Zachary and Elijah, as ring bearers.
Elton's mum was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
remains difficult and cruel to him and David. He takes to avoiding her because he still becomes as terrified as when he was ten when she is present. He is sad is a feeling, which can induce empathy and compassion. It can last for days, in contrast to the emotions, fear & anger. Mild sadness induces a beneficial state in the brain: improved judgment, memory, motivation, and more socially sensitive and generous.
when she dies, and many at the funeral recall her fun side with him. Uncle Reg breaks the silence as her body is driven away: 'you can't answer anyone back now, can you, Sheila?'
331 Seventeen
Elton enjoys being a father and coach to the boys: cinema, football, dinner at Pizza Express, exploring the department store Daniel's in Windsor, school work; which allows him and David to get to know the other parents with children attending Zachary and Elijah's school. It is a pragmatic and grounded group like the managers at Watford Football Club.Elton is often away touring, or working in the studio with a new generation of artists, or performing at his show in Las Vegas, or doing private shows to finance his charities, and when he is not David is enveloped in the chaos provides an explanation for the apparently random period between water droplets falling from a tap. Typically the model of the system is poor and so the data captured about the system looks unpredictable - chaotic. With a better model the system's operation can be explained with standard physical principles. Hence chaos as defined here is different from complexity. of living in the public eye with him, while doing much of the parenting. To cope with the long-term stress is a multi-faceted condition reflecting high cortisol levels. Dr. Robert Sapolsky's studies of baboons indicate that stress helps build readiness for fight or flight. As these actions occur the levels of cortisol return to the baseline rate. A stressor is anything that disrupts the regular homeostatic balance. The stress response is the array of neural and endocrine changes that occur to respond effectively to the crisis and reestablish homeostasis.
- The short term response to the stressor
- activates the amygdala which: Stimulates the brain stem resulting in inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system and activation of the sympathetic nervous system with the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine deployed around the body, Activates the PVN which generates a cascade resulting in glucocorticoid secretion to: get energy to the muscles with increased blood pressure for a powerful response. The brain's acuity and cognition are stimulated. The immune system is stimulated with beta-endorphin and repair activities curtail. In order for the body to destroy bacteria in wounds, pro-inflammatory cytokines increase blood flow to the area. The induced inflammation signals the brain to activate the insula and through it the ACC. But when the stressor is
- long term: loneliness, debt; and no action is necessary, or possible, long term damage ensues. Damage from such stress may only occur in specific situations: Nuclear families coping with parents moving in. Sustained stress provides an evolved amplifier of a position of dominance and status. It is a strategy in female aggression used to limit reproductive competition. Sustained stress:
- Stops the frontal cortex from ensuring we do the harder thing, instead substituting amplification of the individual's propensity for risk-taking and impairing risk assessment!
- Activates the integration between the thalamus and amygdala.
- Acts differently on the amygdala in comparison to the frontal cortex and hippocampus: Stress strengthens the integration between the Amygdala and the hippocampus, making the hippocampus fearful.
- BLA & BNST respond with increased BDNF levels and expanded dendrites persistently increasing anxiety and fear conditioning.
- Makes it easier to learn a fear association and to consolidate it into long-term memory. Sustained stress makes it harder to unlearn fear by making the prefrontal cortex inhibit the BLA from learning to break the fear association and weakening the prefrontal cortex's hold over the amygdala. And glucocorticoids decrease activation of the medial prefrontal cortex during processing of emotional faces. Accuracy of assessing emotions from faces suffers. A terrified rat generating lots of glucocorticoids will cause dendrites in the hippocampus to atrophy but when it generates the same amount from excitement of running on a wheel the dendrites expand. The activation of the amygdala seems to determine how the hippocampus responds.
- Depletes the nucleus accumbens of dopamine biasing rats toward social subordination and biasing humans toward depression.
- Disrupts working memory by amplifying norepinephrine signalling in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala to prefrontal cortex signalling until they become destructive. It also desynchronizes activation in different frontal lobe regions impacting shifting of attention.
- Increases the risk of autoimmune disease (Jan 2017)
- During depression, stress inhibits dopamine signalling.
- Strategies for stress reduction include: Mindfulness.
Adding to the stress, group bassist Bob Birch commits suicide, very close friend Ingrid Sischy dies of cancer is the out-of-control growth of cells, which have stopped obeying their cooperative schematic planning and signalling infrastructure. It results from compounded: oncogene, tumor suppressor, DNA caretaker; mutations in the DNA. In 2010 one third of Americans are likely to die of cancer. Cell division rates did not predict likelihood of cancer. Viral infections are associated. Radiation and carcinogen exposure are associated. Lifestyle impacts the likelihood of cancer occurring: Drinking alcohol to excess, lack of exercise, Obesity, Smoking, More sun than your evolved melanin protection level; all significantly increase the risk of cancer occurring (Jul 2016).
, and Elton has a variety of health scares:
- A diagnosis of prostate
cancer is cancer of the prostate gland. Genomics detected several common DNA variants associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Dr. Francis Collins explains that a cluster of these risk variants lies in a stretch of 1 million DNA base pairs on chromosome 8. The cluster contains seven or more risk variants, each of which can raise the risk of prostate cancer by 10 to 30%. The high risk variants occur more frequently in African-American men than European or Asians. African-Americans die from prostate cancer at more than twice the rate of Europeans. Research in mice may explain a link between obesity and prostate cancer (Jan 2018). The average diagnosis is at age 66. Worldwide in 2012 there were 1.1 million cases from which 307,000 died. A common life-saving (Feb 2017) treatment is androgen deprivation therapy, but it has worrying side effects. Various classically defined types of cancer can occur. The most common is adenocarcinoma associated with the epithelial gland cells that generate seminal fluid. Epithelial cell differentiation potency makes these significant cancer agents. Other very rare types of cancer that can start in the prostate are:
- Sarcomas
- Small cell carcinomas
- Neuroendocrine tumors
- Transitional cell carcinomas
complications with lymph drainage, and incontinence.
- He catches a critical infection while touring in South
America. After powerful antibiotic are compounds which kill bacteria, molds, etc. Sulfur dye stuffs were found to be effective antibiotics. The first evolved antibiotic discovered was penicillin. Antibiotics are central to modern health care supporting the processes of: Surgery, Wound management, Infection control; which makes the development of antibiotic resistance worrying. Antibiotics are:
- Economically problematic to develop and sell.
- Congress enacted GAIN to encourage development of new antibiotics. But it has not developed any market-entry award scheme, which seems necessary to encourage new antibiotic R&D.
- Medicare has required hospitals and SNFs to execute plans to ensure correct use of antibiotics & prevent the spread of drug-resistant infections.
- C.D.C. is acting to stop the spread of resistant infections and reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics.
- F.D.A. has simplified approval standards. It is working with industry to limit use of antibiotics in livestock.
- BARDA is promoting public-private partnerships to support promising research.
- Impacting the microbiome of the recipient. Stool banking is a solution (Sloan-Kettering stool banking).
- Associated with obesity, although evidence suggests childhood obesity relates to the infections not the antibiotic treatments (Nov 2016).
- Monitored globally by W.H.O.
- Regulated in the US by the F.D.A. who promote voluntary labeling by industry to discourage livestock fattening (Dec 2013).
- Customer demands have more effect - Perdue shifts to no antibiotics in premier chickens (Aug 2015).
, and weeks of convalescence at Woodside, Elton accepts he will have to retire from touring if he is to survive to enjoy his family. - Economically problematic to develop and sell.
351 Epilogue
David ensured the retirement tour started lavishly and stunningly with the help of Tony King worked in the offices of DJM, renting a desk where he did publishing and promotions for George Martin's association of independent record producers (AIR). Elton explains he was notable for his style: suits, velvet trousers, satin items, from the hippest tailors in London, antique silk scarves, dyed hair with blond highlights; was openly gay. He had worked for The Rolling Stones, Roy Orbison and was friends with The Beetles. Elton found Tony hilarious and wanted to be like him - stylish, exotic, and outrageous. Tony included Elton in his dinner parties with friends including John Reid. And through his network of connections at AIR and Abbey Road, Tony helped Elton become one of their session musicians. Later when Tony was general manager of Apple Records' US operation he introduced Elton to John Lennon. Tony went on to focus on helping the Rolling Stones and Elton make their tour shows exceptional..
Elton found the simple actions of parenting were enjoyable. Previously, these were things he would avoid, things that reminded him of being unhappy is an emotion which functions to mobilize the mind to seek capabilities and resources that support Darwinian fitness. Today happiness is associated with Epicurean ideas that were rediscovered during the renaissance and promoted by Thomas Jefferson. But natural selection has 'designed' happiness to support hunter-gatherer fitness in the African savanna. It is assessed: Relative to other's situations, Based on small gains or losses relative to one's current situation; and so what makes us [un-]happy and our responses can seem a counter-productive treadmill. For Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in the savanna there were many ways for losses to undermine fitness and so losses still make us very unhappy. Smoking, drinking and excessive eating were not significant and so don't make us unhappy even though they impact longevity. , of being Reg Dwight. But now he could see they were a connection to reality. Elton John hid from Reg and things went horribly wrong. But overall, he found joy by a most unexpected and
This page discusses the impact of random events which once they
occur encourage a particular direction forward for a complex
adaptive system (CAS).
unpredictable
path. And he asserts
'The only question worth asking is: what's next?' This page introduces the complex adaptive system (CAS) theory
frame. The theory provides an organizing framework that is
used by 'life.' It can be used to evaluate and rank models
that claim to describe our perceived reality. It catalogs
the laws and strategies which underpin the operation of systems
that are based on the interaction of emergent
agents. It highlights the
constraints that shape CAS and so predicts their form. A
proposal that does not conform is wrong.
John Holland's framework for representing complexity is outlined. Links to other key aspects of CAS theory discussed at the site are presented.
CAS analysis suggests various
contributors to Elton John's creation
of innovative is the economic realization of invention and combinatorial exaptation. Keynes noted it provided the unquantifiable beneficial possibility that limits fear of uncertainty. Innovation operates across all CAS, being supported by genetic and cultural means. Creativity provides the mutation and recombination genetic operators for the cultural process. While highly innovative, monopolies: AT&T, IBM; usually have limited economic reach, constraining productivity. This explains the use of regulation, or even its threat, that can check their power and drive the creations across the economy. John Holland's framework for representing complexity is outlined. Links to other key aspects of CAS theory discussed at the site are presented.
songs and striking musical is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
performances:
- Reg's father, Stanley was Reg's father, who worked in the Royal Air Force, but also played trumpet in a band, through which he met his first wife Sheila - who came to watch. He also loved football (soccer) and his nephews were professional footballers. He was often away from home, was stubborn and rule bound when he was there, had a terrible short temper, was always critical of Reg, and arguing with his wife. After they divorced he remarried and had four more boys who adored him. But he was never able to show any affection to Reg. He died in 1991 and Reg could not bring himself to attend the funeral.
's lack of empathy is the capability to relate to another person from their perspective. It is implemented by spindle neurons. Empathy towards others is controlled by the right-hemisphere supramarginal gyrus. Empathy is context dependently mediated by estrogen. It develops over time: Piaget's preoperational stage includes rudimentary empathy, Theory of mind supports the development; initially feeling someone's pain as one integrated being, then for them and eventually as them. In adults, when someone else is hurt the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala & insula activates projecting [scapegoating] to the vmPFC. If the pain is physical the PAG activates and motor neurons for the area where the other person was injured. The intertwining of the ACC amygdala & insula in adults results in attribution of fault even when there is none which can make it hard to step in and actually help. But in seven-year-olds the activation is concrete: PAG and sensory & motor cortexes with minimal coupling to the rudimentary vmPFC. In older children the vmPFC is coupled to limbic structures. Ten to twelve year olds abstract empathy to classes of people. Brizendine asserts young girls develop empathy earlier than boys, because their evolved greater neuronal investment in communication and emotion networks. Year old girls are much more responsive to the distress of other people than boys are. At 18 months girls are experiencing infantile puberty. By adolescence the vmPFC is coupled to theory of mind regions and intentional harm induces disgust via the amygdala. Sapolsky explains adolescent boys are utilitarian and tend to accept inequality more than girls do. But both sexes accept inequality as the way it is. Sociopaths do not develop empathy. and nurturing towards him, pushed Reg towards the few activities which were appreciated. As a developing is a phase during the operation of a CAS agent. It allows for schematic strategies to be iteratively blended with environmental signals to solve the logistical issues of migrating newly built and transformed sub-agents. That is needed to achieve the adult configuration of the agent and optimize it for the proximate environment. Smiley includes examples of the developmental phase agents required in an emergent CAS. In situations where parents invest in the growth and memetic learning of their offspring the schematic grab bag can support optimizations to develop models, structures and actions to construct an adept adult. In humans, adolescence leverages neural plasticity, elder sibling advice and adult coaching to help prepare the deploying neuronal network and body to successfully compete.
child Reg was being encouraged to adopt the achiever personality type. Its ambition ensured he prioritized the path of personal success. He valued status is a publically accepted, signal that one possesses assets: wealth, beauty, talent, expertise, access & trust of powerful people; to be able to help others.
and displayed workaholism and competitiveness. And he disassociated, with angry is an emotion which protects a person who has been cheated by a supposed friend. When the exploitation of the altruism is discovered, Steven Pinker explains, the result is a drive for moralistic aggression to hurt the cheater. Anger is mostly experienced as a rapid wave that then quickly dissipates. When it is repressed, for example by a strong moral sense (superego), it can sustain, inducing long term stress.
displays, addictive behavior and suicide attempts. Deep expectations defined in childhood weren't met: - For a child who develops is a phase during the operation of a CAS agent. It allows for schematic strategies to be iteratively blended with environmental signals to solve the logistical issues of migrating newly built and transformed sub-agents. That is needed to achieve the adult configuration of the agent and optimize it for the proximate environment. Smiley includes examples of the developmental phase agents required in an emergent CAS. In situations where parents invest in the growth and memetic learning of their offspring the schematic grab bag can support optimizations to develop models, structures and actions to construct an adept adult. In humans, adolescence leverages neural plasticity, elder sibling advice and adult coaching to help prepare the deploying neuronal network and body to successfully compete.
the achiever strategy, achievement is assumed to be what parents are demanding. With enough evidence of success it is assumed by the child that its parents, or their substitute, must finally respond to the child with commitment, affection and acceptance. But why would that be the case?
- This page reviews the implications of selection, variation and heredity in a complex adaptive system (CAS). The mechanism and its emergence are discussed.Evolution captures strategies for effective survival and reproduction in a competition with other
Plans are interpreted and implemented by agents. This page discusses the properties of agents in a complex adaptive system (CAS).agents. From this perspective achievement is a useful strategy, and its genetic enablers will be retained. But there is little evolutionary benefit to actualizing the driving need.
It then presents examples of agents in different CAS. The examples include a computer program where modeling and actions are performed by software agents. These software agents are aggregates.
The participation of agents in flows is introduced and some implications of this are outlined.
- Reg was terrified is an emotion which prepares the body for time sensitive action: Blood is sent to the muscles from the gut and skin, Adrenalin is released stimulating: Fuel to be released from the liver, Blood is encouraged to clot, and Face is wide-eyed and fearful. The short-term high priority goal, experienced as a sense of urgency, is to flee, fight or deflect the danger. There are both 'innate' - really high priority learning - which are mediated by the central amygdala and learned fears which are mediated by the BLA which learns to fear a stimulus and then signals the central amygdala. Tara Brach notes we experience fear as a painfully constricted throat, chest and belly, and racing heart. The mind can build stories of the future which include fearful situations making us anxious about current ideas and actions that we associate with the potential future scenario. And it can associate traumatic events from early childhood with our being at fault. Consequent assumptions of our being unworthy can result in shame and fear of losing friendships. The mechanism for human fear was significantly evolved to protect us in the African savanna. This does not align perfectly with our needs in current environments: U.S. Grant was unusually un-afraid of the noise or risk of guns and trusted his horses' judgment, which mostly benefited his agency as a modern soldier.
of his mother. But she was Reg's mother, who was a shop worker. When she wanted to she was fun, and loved music: Billy May and His Orchestra, Ted Heath, Johnnie Ray, Frankie Laine, Nat King Cole, Guy Mitchell; and dancing, but she liked people to fear her. She looked for arguments, was stubborn and had a terrible short temper. After she left her first husband, Stanley, she married Fred and life became more tranquil for a while.
encouraged him to become a musician is a complex emergent capability supported by sexual selection and generating pleasure. It transforms the sensing of epiphenomena: Contour, Rhythm, Tempo, Timbre; to induce salient representations: Harmony, Key, Loudness, Melody, Meter, Pitch, and perceptions: Reverberation - echo; which allow musicians: Elton John, Elvis Presley; to show their fitness: superior coordination, creativity, adolescent leadership, stamina; true for birds and humans. Levitin showed that listening to music causes a cascade of brain regions to become activated in a particular order: auditory cortex, frontal regions, such as BA44 and BA47, and finally the mesolimbic system, culminating in the nucleus accumbens. And he found the cerebellum and basal ganglia were active throughout the session. He argues music mimics some of the features of language and conveys some of the same emotions. The brain regions pulse with the beat and predict the next one. As the music is heard it is modeled and generates dopamine rewards for matching each beat and noting creative jokes in the rhythm. The cerebellum finds pleasure in adjusting itself to stay synchronized.
. With the near continuous conflict between his mother and father, young Reg found security in his room, playing with collections of the objects is a collection of: happenings, occurrences and processes; including emergent entities, as required by relativity, explains Rovelli. But natural selection has improved our fitness by representing this perception, in our minds, as an unchanging thing, as explained by Pinker. Dehaene explains the object modeling and construction process within the unconscious and conscious brain. Mathematicians view anything that can be defined and used in deductive reasoning and mathematical proofs as an object. These mathematical objects can be values of variables, allowing them to be used in formulas.
he loved: football teams, records; strengthening is lasting change to the brain that occurs throughout life. It is also termed neural plasticity. The changes include:- The strength of dendritic input alters due to genetic, neural and hormonal signals
- Hebb notes that memories
require strengthening of preexisting synapses. Glutamate
responsive neurons' post
synaptic dendritic spines have two types of receptor:
non-NMDA and NMDA.
NMDA channels are responsible for this strengthening
mechanism. LTP then occurs
to prolong the increase in excitability of the
synapse.
- The LTP operation results in calcium diffusion which
triggers new spine formation in adjacent parts of the
dendrite. Eventually that can stimulate dentrite
growth enabling more neurons to connect.
- Short term stress promotes hippocampal LTP.
- Sustained stress promotes:
- Hippocampal & frontal
cortex LTD &
suppresses LTP. Subsequent reductions in NCAM then reduce dendrite and
synapse density.
- Amygdala LTP and
suppresses LTD boosting fear
conditioning. It increases BDNF
levels and expands dendrites in the BLA.
- Depression and anxiety reduce hippocampal
dendrite and spine number by reducing BDNF.
- The axon's conditions for
- Initiating an action
potential.
- Progesterone boosts GABA-ergic neurons response to GABA
decreasing the excitability of other neurons over a
period of hours.
- Duration of a neuron's
refractory period. Testosterone
shortens the refractory period of amygdala and amygdala target
neurons over a period of hours.
- Synaptic connections being constantly removed and recreated
- Synapses being created or destroyed. Stimulation
generates additional dendritic spines which become
associated with a nearby axon terminal and within weeks a
synapse forms. The synapse then contributes calcium
diffusion through LTP triggering more spine
formation. When dendritic spines recede synapses
disappear.
- Cortical maps change to reflect alterations in the
inputs and outputs from the body.
- Birth of brain cells in many areas of adult brains: the
hippocampus (where 3% are
replaced each month) and olfactory bulb and lesser amounts
in the cortex.
- Restructuring after brain damage including axonal plasticity.
Distant rerouting of axons is observed but no mechanism
has been identified yet.
- Vision is plastic in predators, where the eyes are moved during final development. Dehaene argues for neuronal recycling supporting reading.
- Reg's step-dad, Fred liked rock and roll and by collecting
tips at Reg's pub performances, ensured Reg made enough money is a region within the basal ganglia. It is a target of the tegmentostriatal dopamine pathway. It has been captured by brain imaging assigning values to subliminal symbols experimentally associated with winning (highly valued) and losing (low valuation) money. During adolescence, prior to the deployment of the prefrontal cortex, the ventral striatum helps balance/control emotional decision making.
to invest in the necessary musical instruments. This enabled Reg to focus his adolescence in humans supports the transition from a juvenile configuration, dependent on parents and structured to learn & logistically transform, to adult optimized to the proximate environment. And it is staged, encouraging male adolescents to escape the hierarchy they grew up in and enter other groups where they may bring in: fresh ideas, risk taking; and alter the existing hierarchy: Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates & Paul Allen; while females become highly focused on friendships and communications. It marks the beginning of Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development. The limbic, autonomic and hormone networks are already deployed and functioning effectively. The frontal cortex has to be pruned: winning neurons move to their final highly connected positions, and are myelinated over time. The rest dissolve. So the frontal lobe does not obtain its adult configuration and networked integration until the mid-twenties when prefrontal cortex control becomes optimal. The evolutionarily oldest areas of the frontal cortex mature first. The PFC must be iteratively customized by experience to do the right thing as an adult. Adolescents:- Don't detect irony effectively. They depend on the DMPFC to do this, unlike adults who leverage the fusiform face area.
- Regulate emotions with the ventral striatum while the prefrontal cortex is still being setup. Dopamine projection density and signalling increase from the ventral tegmentum catalyzing increased interest in dopamine based rewards. Novelty seeking allows for creative exploration which was necessary to move beyond the familial pack. Criticisms do not get incorporated into learning models by adolescents leaving their risk assessments very poor. The target of the dopamine networks, the adolescent accumbens, responds to rewards like a gyrating top - hugely to large rewards, and negatively to small rewards. Eventually as the frontal regions increase in contribution there are steady improvements in: working memory, flexible rule use, executive organization and task shifting. And adolescents start to see other people's perspective.
- Drive the cellular transformations with post-pubescent high levels of testosterone in males, and high but fluctuating estrogen & progesterone levels in females. Blood flow to the frontal cortex is also diverted on occasion to the groin.
- Peer pressure is exceptionally influential in adolescents. Admired peer comments reduce vmPFC activity and enhance ventral striatal activity. Adults modulate the mental impact of socially mean treatment: the initial activation of the PAG, anterior cingulate, amygdala, insula cortex; which generate feelings of pain, anger, and disgust, with the VLPFC but that does not occur in adolescents.
- Feel empathy intensely, supported by their rampant emotions, interest in novelty, ego. But feeling the pain of others can induce self-oriented avoidance of the situations.
.
- The Royal
Academy, part of the University of London, located on the Marylebone Road in London, teaches music composition, conducting, musicianship and performance, including singing and playing instruments. It has a Junior Academy where young musicians under the age of 18 train, and a Senior Academy teaching for degrees.
provided Reg's enthusiast with the intellectual and practical tools to become an effective musician and performer. Working as a session musician honed his use of these tools.
- Elton describes
a This page discusses the impact of random events which once they occur encourage a particular direction forward for a complex adaptive system (CAS).frozen accident: being given an envelope of Bernie's lyrics by Ray Williams, which initiated their partnership and friendship, as a consolation for his rejection by Liberty Records was a progressive rock label. Ray Williams was scouting for talent but rejected Reg Dwight. However, Ray gave Reg the details of a lyricist, Bernie Taupin, and later helped the song writing pair produce records through his own publishing company which was administered by Dick James Music.
; which reoriented his career towards eventual stardom. - DJM is Dick James Music:
- Is a music production company in New Oxford Street,
London
- Administered Ray Williams of Liberty Records,
production company
- Employed Caleb Quaye as
in-house engineer. And Steve Brown as studio
manager.
- Dick James funded Elton John
and Bernie Taupin's song publishing, paying Elton extra to
sing and play piano on the demo recordings. Once
James realized the potential of Elton & Bernie's
second album he drove it and them through the evolved amplifier of American
entertainment and communications.
- Tony King worked on
publishing and promotion for George Martin's association
of independent record producers (AIR) from a desk he
rented from DJM. He influenced Elton's style,
introduced him to his network of friends, and helped him
find work as a session musician.
This page discusses the effect of the network on the agents participating in a complex adaptive system (CAS). Small world and scale free networks are considered.network of
Plans are interpreted and implemented by agents. This page discusses the properties of agents in a complex adaptive system (CAS).agents, the innovation is the economic realization of invention and combinatorial exaptation. Keynes noted it provided the unquantifiable beneficial possibility that limits fear of uncertainty. Innovation operates across all CAS, being supported by genetic and cultural means. Creativity provides the mutation and recombination genetic operators for the cultural process. While highly innovative, monopolies: AT&T, IBM; usually have limited economic reach, constraining productivity. This explains the use of regulation, or even its threat, that can check their power and drive the creations across the economy.
It then presents examples of agents in different CAS. The examples include a computer program where modeling and actions are performed by software agents. These software agents are aggregates.
The participation of agents in flows is introduced and some implications of this are outlined.
The complex adaptive system (CAS) nature of a value delivery system is first introduced. It's a network of agents acting as relays.VDS, including catalytic, an infrastructure amplifier.
The critical nature of hub agents and the difficulty of altering an aligned network is reviewed.
The nature of and exceptional opportunities created by platforms are discussed.
Finally an example of aligning a VDS is presented.
promotion by UNI, that drove Reg's persona, Elton to entertainment industryThis page reviews the strategy of setting up an arms race. At its core this strategy depends on being able to alter, or take advantage of an alteration in, the genome or equivalent. The situation is illustrated with examples from biology, high tech and politics.amplified stardom.
- Is a music production company in New Oxford Street,
London
- Elton's
instinctive gut decisions, and my way or
the highway stance, are typical
of Challenger
personality types, probably reflecting the 'wing' of his
enthusiast strategy. As his adolescent in humans supports the transition from a juvenile configuration, dependent on parents and structured to learn & logistically transform, to adult optimized to the proximate environment. And it is staged, encouraging male adolescents to escape the hierarchy they grew up in and enter other groups where they may bring in: fresh ideas, risk taking; and alter the existing hierarchy: Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates & Paul Allen; while females become highly focused on friendships and communications. It marks the beginning of Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development. The limbic, autonomic and hormone networks are already deployed and functioning effectively. The frontal cortex has to be pruned: winning neurons move to their final highly connected positions, and are myelinated over time. The rest dissolve. So the frontal lobe does not obtain its adult configuration and networked integration until the mid-twenties when prefrontal cortex control becomes optimal. The evolutionarily oldest areas of the frontal cortex mature first. The PFC must be iteratively customized by experience to do the right thing as an adult. Adolescents:
- Don't detect irony effectively. They depend on the DMPFC to do this, unlike adults who leverage the fusiform face area.
- Regulate emotions with the ventral striatum while the prefrontal cortex is still being setup. Dopamine projection density and signalling increase from the ventral tegmentum catalyzing increased interest in dopamine based rewards. Novelty seeking allows for creative exploration which was necessary to move beyond the familial pack. Criticisms do not get incorporated into learning models by adolescents leaving their risk assessments very poor. The target of the dopamine networks, the adolescent accumbens, responds to rewards like a gyrating top - hugely to large rewards, and negatively to small rewards. Eventually as the frontal regions increase in contribution there are steady improvements in: working memory, flexible rule use, executive organization and task shifting. And adolescents start to see other people's perspective.
- Drive the cellular transformations with post-pubescent high levels of testosterone in males, and high but fluctuating estrogen & progesterone levels in females. Blood flow to the frontal cortex is also diverted on occasion to the groin.
- Peer pressure is exceptionally influential in adolescents. Admired peer comments reduce vmPFC activity and enhance ventral striatal activity. Adults modulate the mental impact of socially mean treatment: the initial activation of the PAG, anterior cingulate, amygdala, insula cortex; which generate feelings of pain, anger, and disgust, with the VLPFC but that does not occur in adolescents.
- Feel empathy intensely, supported by their rampant emotions, interest in novelty, ego. But feeling the pain of others can induce self-oriented avoidance of the situations.
surged he moved to reach the apex of aThis page discusses the effect of the network on the agents participating in a complex adaptive system (CAS). Small world and scale free networks are considered.node in the network, and was not surprised to see others do this too. But this personality describes the operation of the mind from the perspective of psychological models and tests based on them. Early 'Western' models of personality resulted in a simple segmentation noting the tension between: individual desires and group needs, and developing models and performing actions. Dualistic 'Eastern' philosophies promote the legitimacy of an essence which Riso & Hudson argue is hidden within a shell of personality types and is only reached by developing presence. The logic of a coherent essence is in conflict with the evolved nature of emotions outlined by Pinker. Terman's studies of personality identified types which Friedman and Martin link to healthy and unhealthy pathways. Current psychiatric models highlight at least five key aspects:
- Extroversion-introversion - whether the person gains mental dynamism from socializing or retiring
- Neuroticism-stability - does a person worry or are they calm and self-satisfied
- Agreeableness-antagonism - is a person courteous & trusting or rude and suspicious
- Conscientiousness-un-directedness - is a person careful or careless
- Openness-non-openness - are they daring or conforming
and early death.
Elton John's light hearted auto-biographic study chronicles the formative experiences and creative life of an enthusiast achiever.
.
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integrating quality appropriate for each market |
This page looks at schematic structures
and their uses. It discusses a number of examples:
As a working example it presents part of the contents and schematic details from the Adaptive Web Framework (AWF)'s operational plan.
Finally it includes a section presenting our formal representation of schematic goals.
Each goal has a series of associated complex adaptive system (CAS) strategy strings.
These goals plus strings are detailed for various chess and business examples.
Strategy |
Design |
- Schematic ideas are recombined in creativity.
- Similarly designers take ideas and rules about materials and components and combine them.
- Schematic Recipes help to standardize operations.
- Modular components are combined into strategies for use in business plans and business models.
As a working example it presents part of the contents and schematic details from the Adaptive Web Framework (AWF)'s operational plan.
Finally it includes a section presenting our formal representation of schematic goals.
Each goal has a series of associated complex adaptive system (CAS) strategy strings.
These goals plus strings are detailed for various chess and business examples.
This page uses an example to illustrate how:
Program Management |
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- A business can gain focus from targeting key customers,
- Business planning activities performed by the whole organization can build awareness, empowerment and coherence.
- A program approach can ensure strategic alignment.
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