Startup PDCA

Summary

Measure What Matters

• Was a Hungarian emigre, impacted by severe hearing loss.  Intel was founded in response to Fairchild's lack of interest in execution.  Grove made Intel execute for Founder Gordon Moore.  Accepting Drucker as opposed to Taylor or scientific management was advocated by Fredrick Taylor.  He viewed operatives as machines that were to follow precise instructions optimized by designers.  Deming followers such as Toyota rejected this approach and improved quality and cost management by training the operatives and treating them as skilled 'agents' who were key to detecting problems and improving the processes they participated in. 
  & Ford, Grove set objectives, rather than telling people what to do, and obtained significant improvements in productivity is the efficiency with which an agent's selected strategy converts the inputs to an action into the resulting outputs.  It is a complex capability of agents.  It will depend on the agent having: time, motivation, focus, appropriate skills; the coherence of the participating collaborators, and a beneficial environment including the contribution of: standardization of inputs and outputs, infrastructure and evolutionary amplifiers. 
  . 
  
• Applied manufacturing production processes to management.  He concluded ideas are easy, execution is everything.  He avoided the activity trap by focusing on outputs (key results).  He disconnected goals from salary administration, judging any link between the two to encourage sandbagging and risk avoidance.  
• Loved to teach. 
• Groomed Doerr, when he was an Intel intern, to work at Intel, build his: sales skills, management capabilities, leadership; providing him with business insights and experiences. 
  
• Suffered from Parkinson's disease corresponds to the breakdown of certain interneurons in the brain.  It is not fully understood why this occurs.  Dopamine system neuron breakdown generates the classical symptoms of tremors and rigidity.  In some instances an uncommon LRRK2 gene mutation confers a high risk of Parkinson's disease.  In rare cases Italian and Greek families are impacted in their early forties and fifties resulting from a single letter mutation in alpha-synuclein which alters the alpha-synuclein protein causing degeneration in the substantia nigra.  But poisoning from MPTP has also been shown to destroy dopamine system neurons.  People who have an appendectomy in their 20s are at lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease.  The Alpha-synuclein protein is known to build up in the appendix in association with changes in the gut microbiome.  This buildup may support the 'flow' of alpha-synuclein from the gut along neurons that route to the brain.  Paraquat has also been linked to Parkinson's disease.  Parkinson's disease does not directly kill many sufferers.  But it impacts swallowing which encourages development of pneumonia through inhaling or aspirating food.  And it undermines balance which can increase the possibility of falls.  Dememtia can also develop. 
  , dying in 2016. 

• A yardstick for investors
• Language for execution
• Alignment for employees 

• Less is more -- use a few well-chosen objectives 
• Set goals from the bottom up - teams should set half their own OKRs
• Don't dictate -- develop a cooperative social context
  
• Stay flexible -- modify OKRs to match the shifting situation
  
• Be patient & experiment using trial and error.  Doerr notes how this helped the Gates Foundation leadership develop viable strategies. 
  
• Stretch, but expect some failure.  He offers the examples of:
  
• Google's Gmail launched offering a near infinite in-tray, by finding a way to cost effectively provide each user with a terabyte of storage, 
• Google's Chrome browser, and
  
• YouTube achieving 1 billion hours.  
  
• Keep OKRs and bonuses separate -- OKRs are a tool not a weapon. 
  

1. Focus and commit to priorities 
• Identify the few OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  s that matter next.  Pick those with the most leverage.  Ignore the rest.  Leaders aims to develop plans and strategies which ensure effective coordination to improve the common good of the in-group.  John Adair developed a leadership methodology based on the three-circles model. 
  must signal, is an emergent capability which is used by cooperating agents to support coordination & rival agents to support control and dominance.  In eukaryotic cells signalling is used extensively.  A signal interacts with the exposed region of a receptor molecule inducing it to change shape to an activated form.  Chains of enzymes interact with the activated receptor relaying, amplifying and responding to the signal to change the state of the cell.  Many of the signalling pathways pass through the nuclear membrane and interact with the DNA to change its state.  Enzymes sensitive to the changes induced in the DNA then start to operate generating actions including sending further signals.  Cell signalling is reviewed by Helmreich.  Signalling is a fundamental aspect of CAS theory and is discussed from the abstract CAS perspective in signals and sensors.  In AWF the eukaryotic signalling architecture has been abstracted in a codelet based implementation.  To be credible signals must be hard to fake.  To be effective they must be easily detected by the target recipient.  To be efficient they are low cost to produce and destroy. 
  what is currently high priority.  
• Limit the scope to 3-5 OKRs per quarter, based on context and culture is how we do and think about things, transmitted by non-genetic means as defined by Frans de Waal.  CAS theory views cultures as operating via memetic schemata evolved by memetic operators to support a cultural superorganism.  Evolutionary psychology asserts that human culture reflects adaptations generated while hunting and gathering.  Dehaene views culture as essentially human, shaped by exaptations and reading, transmitted with support of the neuronal workspace and stabilized by neuronal recycling.  Sapolsky argues that parents must show children how to transform their genetically derived capabilities into a culturally effective toolset.  He is interested in the broad differences across cultures of: Life expectancy, GDP, Death in childbirth, Violence, Chronic bullying, Gender equality, Happiness, Response to cheating, Individualist or collectivist, Enforcing honor, Approach to hierarchy; illustrating how different a person's life will be depending on the culture where they are raised.  Culture:
  • Is deployed during pregnancy & childhood, with parental mediation.  Nutrients, immune messages and hormones all affect the prenatal brain.  Hormones: Testosterone with anti-Mullerian hormone masculinizes the brain by entering target cells and after conversion to estrogen binding to intracellular estrogen receptors; have organizational effects producing lifelong changes.  Parenting style typically produces adults who adopt the same approach.  And mothering style can alter gene regulation in the fetus in ways that transfer epigenetically to future generations!  PMS symptoms vary by culture. 
    
  • Is also significantly transmitted to children by their peers during play.  So parents try to control their children's peer group.  
  • Is transmitted to children by their neighborhoods, tribes, nations etc. 
    
  • Influences the parenting style that is considered appropriate. 
    
  • Can transform dominance into honor.  There are ecological correlates of adopting honor cultures.  Parents in honor cultures are typically authoritarian. 
    
  • Is strongly adapted across a meta-ethnic frontier according to Turchin.  
  • Across Europe was shaped by the Carolingian empire. 
    
  • Can provide varying levels of support for innovation.  
  • Produces consciousness according to Dennet. 
    
  .  
• Pair output based OKRs with quality based OKRs to sustain balance. 
  
• Leaders should model the use of OKRs.  Top level goals must be understood company wide.  
  
2. Align and connect for teamwork 
• Public goals increase achievement.  Transparency allows each agent to judge the validity of their goals and priorities.  Social media makes transparency the default. 
  
• Doerr asserts a meritocracy will flourish when it is clear that rewards are going to those doing what the company values.  
• Redundant goals are identified
• Objectives seen to support collaboration
  
• Sandbagging and politicking struggle
  
• Alignment while important is rare.  
• Only 7% of employees understand their company's business strategies, or how they fit in.  This undermines prioritization. 
  
• Focused, transparent OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  s, allow for prioritization and support alignment.  
• Top down cascade of goals & required results
  
• Undermines
  To benefit from shifts in the environment agents must be flexible.  Being sensitive to environmental signals agents who adjust strategic priorities can constrain their competitors. 
  
  flexibility and agility.  
• Removes ownership from the front line
• Impedes development of a supportive cross linking goal network.  Instead:
• Mix in bottom up goals
• Leverage the leadership aims to develop plans and strategies which ensure effective coordination to improve the common good of the in-group.  John Adair developed a leadership methodology based on the three-circles model. 
  's published and promoted OKRs
  
• Will converge
  
• Where alignment is missing the teams goals stand out
• Major initiatives that touch everyone highlight alignment
  
• 20% time supported
• Google's Gmail emerged from Caribou 20% time OKR
  
• Innovation is the economic realization of invention and combinatorial exaptation.  While highly innovative, monopolies: AT&T, IBM; usually have limited economic reach, constraining productivity and supporting the use of regulation, or even its threat, that can drive their creations across the economy. 
  helped by inputs from the front line, which is closer to the market situation 
• Don't micro-manage
• Instead Drucker argues to
  
• Use rigorous performance standards 
• Leverage stretch goals & Delegate 
• Let employee set most of their goals
  
• High functioning teams benefit from the tension of top down aligned goals and unaligned bottom up goal setting 
• Cross functional coordination
  
• Doerr asserts
  
• The primary cause of project slip is unacknowledged dependencies, which can be solved by cross-functional coordination
  
• Connected groups are more innovative
  
• Inter-dependent groups need a tool for coordination
  
• Transparent OKRs promote collaboration
  
• Notable results are investigated and promoted.  Connected companies are quicker
  
3. Track for accountability 
• Doerr argues by tracking and revising OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  s, organizations become
  This page introduces the complex adaptive system (CAS) theory frame.  The theory is positioned relative to the natural sciences.  It catalogs the laws and strategies which underpin the operation of systems that are based on the interaction of emergent agents. 
  John Holland's framework for representing complexity is outlined.  Links to other key aspects of CAS theory discussed at the site are presented. 
  
  CAS
  This page reviews the implications of reproduction initially generating a single child cell.  The mechanism and resulting strategic options are discussed. 
  
  organisms, with a phased
  Walter Shewhart's iterative development process is found in many complex adaptive systems (CAS).  The mechanism is reviewed and its value in coping with random events is explained. 
  
  PDCA cycles:
1. Setup a system that allows real-time revision & tracking, to keep plan and reality synchronized. 
   
• Doerr celebrates the arrival of cloud based OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  software
  
2. Adopt the OKR methodology across the organization, through the support of a shepherd. 
   
3. Ensure regular updates of the state of each OKR are recorded, and visible - on a dashboard.   This ensures people learn from failure & then move on.  
4. Wrap-up: Rinse & repeat
   
1. Score what has been achieved & propose improvements
   
2. Self-assessment adds subjective judgments
   
3. Reflect on what has been achieved and how much progress has occurred
   
4. Stretch for amazing
• Doerr likes Jim Collins's Big Hairy Audacious Goals, because, he asserts that, stretch goals:
• Support innovation is the economic realization of invention and combinatorial exaptation.  While highly innovative, monopolies: AT&T, IBM; usually have limited economic reach, constraining productivity and supporting the use of regulation, or even its threat, that can drive their creations across the economy. 
  , since the harder the goal the higher the level of performance.  Operational excellence is catalyzed, an infrastructure amplifier.   by going beyond current limits.  
• Create a unifying focal point for effort. 
  
• Capture the imagination, but are tested in the gut.  
• Leverage: focus, commitment, transparency & collaboration, connections & tracking 
• People need to aspire.  But they must believe the goal is legitimate.  So good leadership aims to develop plans and strategies which ensure effective coordination to improve the common good of the in-group.  John Adair developed a leadership methodology based on the three-circles model. 
  & OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  s can help.  Just give the employees the space to fail and bounce back.  Larry Page notes that to achieve a high level of aspirational goals (60%), engineers must ask:
• What radical high risk action is required?
• What can we stop doing, to help the group stretch?
• Where should resources be moved to?
• Where can a partner be found?
  
• Doerr recommends starting by envisioning: what amazing would look like? 
  

• Has managers building relationships with their people, to generate a community. 
  
• Separates OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  and compensation discussions. 
  
• Uses CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations or in OKR terminology it is Conversations: about optimizing performance, Feedback: in all directions to evaluate progress and guide improvement, Recognition of individuals for their contributions.   processes to drive the interactions that tie the team together, ensuring the OKRs are clear, aligned and fulfilling.  CFRs support transparency, accountability, empowerment & teamwork.  OKRs and CFRs are mutually reinforcing.  Managers should see how the OKRs are progressing:
  
• Check if people need help 
• Identify and remove impediments to their success
  
• Help them grow
  
• Abandons the annual performance review as demotivating and unfair. 
  
• That avoids associating a number with a person.  People are complex and can achieve exceptional results. 
  
• Ongoing conversations and real-time feedback are far better for generating continuous improvement.  
• Compensation discussions can leverage the meaningful contribution detailed in the OKRs, but should mainly reflect the broader context of the company and environment.  Otherwise OKRs will be feared and stretch goals avoided. 
  
• Only measures what matters.  People will adapt to what they see being measured.  Encourage teamwork & leverage of competences. 
  

• Company culture is the medium that supports the leaders OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  s, which highlight their priorities & insights. 
  
• Grove equated culture with efficiency - implemented through Intel's core values: People oriented, Openness, Issue resolution, Results, Discipline, Risk, is an assessment of the likelihood of an independent problem occurring.  It can be assigned an accurate probability since it is independent of other variables in the system.  As such it is different from uncertainty. 
  taking, Trust and distrust are evolved responses to sham emotions.  During a friendship where no sham emotions have been detected trust will build up. 
  & integrity;  
• Culture must encourage accountability and collaboration.  
• There are lessons to be learned from Google.  Standout teams at Google were found to:
1. Have clear goals (OKRs), roles &
   This page looks at schematic structures and their uses.  It discusses a number of examples:
   

   • Schematic ideas are recombined in creativity. 
   • Similarly designers take ideas and rules about materials and components and combine them. 
   • Schematic Recipes help to standardize operations. 
   • Modular components are combined into strategies for use in business plans and business models. 

   
   As a working example it presents part of the contents and schematic details from the Adaptive Web Framework (AWF)'s operational plan. 
   
   Finally it includes a section presenting our formal representation of schematic goals. 
   Each goal has a series of associated complex adaptive system (CAS) strategy strings. 
   These goals plus strings are detailed for various chess and business examples. 
   
   plans. 
   
2. Feel enabled to take risks
   
3. Think they are doing important stuff
   
4. Have the support of their team mates
   
5. Feel their work matters
   
• Dov Seidman's philosophy is revealing about culture is how we do and think about things, transmitted by non-genetic means as defined by Frans de Waal.  CAS theory views cultures as operating via memetic schemata evolved by memetic operators to support a cultural superorganism.  Evolutionary psychology asserts that human culture reflects adaptations generated while hunting and gathering.  Dehaene views culture as essentially human, shaped by exaptations and reading, transmitted with support of the neuronal workspace and stabilized by neuronal recycling.  Sapolsky argues that parents must show children how to transform their genetically derived capabilities into a culturally effective toolset.  He is interested in the broad differences across cultures of: Life expectancy, GDP, Death in childbirth, Violence, Chronic bullying, Gender equality, Happiness, Response to cheating, Individualist or collectivist, Enforcing honor, Approach to hierarchy; illustrating how different a person's life will be depending on the culture where they are raised.  Culture:
  • Is deployed during pregnancy & childhood, with parental mediation.  Nutrients, immune messages and hormones all affect the prenatal brain.  Hormones: Testosterone with anti-Mullerian hormone masculinizes the brain by entering target cells and after conversion to estrogen binding to intracellular estrogen receptors; have organizational effects producing lifelong changes.  Parenting style typically produces adults who adopt the same approach.  And mothering style can alter gene regulation in the fetus in ways that transfer epigenetically to future generations!  PMS symptoms vary by culture. 
    
  • Is also significantly transmitted to children by their peers during play.  So parents try to control their children's peer group.  
  • Is transmitted to children by their neighborhoods, tribes, nations etc. 
    
  • Influences the parenting style that is considered appropriate. 
    
  • Can transform dominance into honor.  There are ecological correlates of adopting honor cultures.  Parents in honor cultures are typically authoritarian. 
    
  • Is strongly adapted across a meta-ethnic frontier according to Turchin.  
  • Across Europe was shaped by the Carolingian empire. 
    
  • Can provide varying levels of support for innovation.  
  • Produces consciousness according to Dennet. 
    
  :
• The complexity of behavior is explored through Sapolsky developing scenarios of our best and worst behaviors across time spans, and scientific subjects including: anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, sociology.  The rich network of adaptive flows he outlines provides insights and highlight challenges for scientific research on behavior. 
  
  Complex adaptive system (CAS) theory builds on Sapolsky's details highlighting the strategies that evolution has captured to successfully enter niches we now occupy. 
  
  
  Behavior defines how things happen in modern companies.  And behavior is shaped by culture.  
• Companies that 'out-behave' out-perform.  (Doerr judges the data backs up Dov's assertion.) 
  
• Self-governance organizations follow an architype where people at all levels are trusted to act on their own initiative and collaboratively innovate; with a shared purpose and common values to guide employee and company behavior
  protect their legacy, and inspire their workers through the company culture. 
  
• Culture says what you should do, but the organization
  
• Must scale it systematically over the whole organization and
• Measure how the
  This page introduces the complex adaptive system (CAS) theory frame.  The theory is positioned relative to the natural sciences.  It catalogs the laws and strategies which underpin the operation of systems that are based on the interaction of emergent agents. 
  John Holland's framework for representing complexity is outlined.  Links to other key aspects of CAS theory discussed at the site are presented. 
  
  CAS information flows - since that indicates what you value
• "Collaboration itself--our ability to connect--is an engine of growth & innovation is the economic realization of invention and combinatorial exaptation.  While highly innovative, monopolies: AT&T, IBM; usually have limited economic reach, constraining productivity and supporting the use of regulation, or even its threat, that can drive their creations across the economy. 
  ."
• For 'Active Transparency': where we open up, share the truth, bringing others in, being vulnerable; which Doerr notes aligns well with the OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  /CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations or in OKR terminology it is Conversations: about optimizing performance, Feedback: in all directions to evaluate progress and guide improvement, Recognition of individuals for their contributions.   culture.  Vision based leadership aims to develop plans and strategies which ensure effective coordination to improve the common good of the in-group.  John Adair developed a leadership methodology based on the three-circles model. 
  beats command-and-control.  The flatter the organization, the more agile it becomes. 
  
• OKRs with CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations or in OKR terminology it is Conversations: about optimizing performance, Feedback: in all directions to evaluate progress and guide improvement, Recognition of individuals for their contributions.  s reinforce self-governance organizations.  Doerr references Bono driving cultural transformation. 
  
• If the current company archetype asserts there are three company archetypes:
  1. Blind obedience organizations,
     
  2. Informed acquiescence organizations, 
     
  3. Self-governance organizations; with the prevailing form shifting over the last 150 years from type 1 to type 3.  The first two rely on 'top-down' authority & hierarchy.  Seidman asserts self-governance organizations are the most farsighted.  
     
  is not self-governance then the culture must be changed, as Lumeris describe. 
  

• Empower people to achieve the seemingly impossible together.
• Create durable cultures is how we do and think about things, transmitted by non-genetic means as defined by Frans de Waal.  CAS theory views cultures as operating via memetic schemata evolved by memetic operators to support a cultural superorganism.  Evolutionary psychology asserts that human culture reflects adaptations generated while hunting and gathering.  Dehaene views culture as essentially human, shaped by exaptations and reading, transmitted with support of the neuronal workspace and stabilized by neuronal recycling.  Sapolsky argues that parents must show children how to transform their genetically derived capabilities into a culturally effective toolset.  He is interested in the broad differences across cultures of: Life expectancy, GDP, Death in childbirth, Violence, Chronic bullying, Gender equality, Happiness, Response to cheating, Individualist or collectivist, Enforcing honor, Approach to hierarchy; illustrating how different a person's life will be depending on the culture where they are raised.  Culture:
  • Is deployed during pregnancy & childhood, with parental mediation.  Nutrients, immune messages and hormones all affect the prenatal brain.  Hormones: Testosterone with anti-Mullerian hormone masculinizes the brain by entering target cells and after conversion to estrogen binding to intracellular estrogen receptors; have organizational effects producing lifelong changes.  Parenting style typically produces adults who adopt the same approach.  And mothering style can alter gene regulation in the fetus in ways that transfer epigenetically to future generations!  PMS symptoms vary by culture. 
    
  • Is also significantly transmitted to children by their peers during play.  So parents try to control their children's peer group.  
  • Is transmitted to children by their neighborhoods, tribes, nations etc. 
    
  • Influences the parenting style that is considered appropriate. 
    
  • Can transform dominance into honor.  There are ecological correlates of adopting honor cultures.  Parents in honor cultures are typically authoritarian. 
    
  • Is strongly adapted across a meta-ethnic frontier according to Turchin.  
  • Across Europe was shaped by the Carolingian empire. 
    
  • Can provide varying levels of support for innovation.  
  • Produces consciousness according to Dennet. 
    
  for success and significance
• Prime the pump of inspiration for all goals that matter most
  

• Google's Larry Page uses OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  s to scale his approach of thinking big, throughout the organization.  They provide visibility for leaders aims to develop plans and strategies which ensure effective coordination to improve the common good of the in-group.  John Adair developed a leadership methodology based on the three-circles model. 
  , while allowing the organization to push back.  Good ideas & great
  This page introduces some problems that make it hard for a business to execute effectively. 
  It then presents a theory of execution. 
  It describes what the theory says must be done to execute effectively. 
  It reviews General Electric's use of adaptive planning to support effective execution. 
  Then it details the execution requirements. 
  
  execution together make magic, delivered on time and on track.  Google discriminates between Committed OKRs that are expected to be 100% achieved and Aspirational OKRs, which have impacts of orders of magnitude when successful, but will fail some of the time.  Discard failed OKRs. 
  
• Google CEO Sundar Pichai describes stretching to make the web application centric, which demanded a multi-process browser architecture and an order of magnitude faster JavaScript implementation.  A stretch goal achieved with the help of former Sun Microsystem's virtual machine expert Lars Bok.  
• YouTube's CEO Susan Wojcicki & VP of Engineering Cristos Goodrow agreed human attention is the scarce commodity on the Internet.  So they use stretch to massively grow YouTube daily watching time, using Jim McFadden's "watch next" user recommendations strategy, and note that consequently daily views soared, and
  This page reviews the catalytic impact of infrastructure on the expression of phenotypic effects by an agent.  The infrastructure reduces the cost the agent must pay to perform the selected action.  The catalysis is enhanced by positive returns. 
  
  infrastructure redesign initiatives flourished: 
  
• Wojcicki had run leadership OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  meetings for Larry Page, noting his use of strategic binding "this is the direction we want to go, now tell us how you're going to get there." 
  
• Goodrow had seen firsthand how engineers hate abandoning good goals & are hopelessly optimistic in estimating.  So he advocates prioritizing the important things. 
  
• Wojcicki drove the purchase of YouTube by Google, noting how user-generated content was becoming transformational, and how fast YouTube performed for users.  
• YouTube's proposed 'watch time' increase goal was in conflict with Google Search's "service users requests fast and get out of the way" goal.  It took her six months to win the argument.  Similarly, ignoring click-bait videos initially reduced watch time, but was judged the right thing to do, culturally is how we do and think about things, transmitted by non-genetic means as defined by Frans de Waal.  CAS theory views cultures as operating via memetic schemata evolved by memetic operators to support a cultural superorganism.  Evolutionary psychology asserts that human culture reflects adaptations generated while hunting and gathering.  Dehaene views culture as essentially human, shaped by exaptations and reading, transmitted with support of the neuronal workspace and stabilized by neuronal recycling.  Sapolsky argues that parents must show children how to transform their genetically derived capabilities into a culturally effective toolset.  He is interested in the broad differences across cultures of: Life expectancy, GDP, Death in childbirth, Violence, Chronic bullying, Gender equality, Happiness, Response to cheating, Individualist or collectivist, Enforcing honor, Approach to hierarchy; illustrating how different a person's life will be depending on the culture where they are raised.  Culture:
  • Is deployed during pregnancy & childhood, with parental mediation.  Nutrients, immune messages and hormones all affect the prenatal brain.  Hormones: Testosterone with anti-Mullerian hormone masculinizes the brain by entering target cells and after conversion to estrogen binding to intracellular estrogen receptors; have organizational effects producing lifelong changes.  Parenting style typically produces adults who adopt the same approach.  And mothering style can alter gene regulation in the fetus in ways that transfer epigenetically to future generations!  PMS symptoms vary by culture. 
    
  • Is also significantly transmitted to children by their peers during play.  So parents try to control their children's peer group.  
  • Is transmitted to children by their neighborhoods, tribes, nations etc. 
    
  • Influences the parenting style that is considered appropriate. 
    
  • Can transform dominance into honor.  There are ecological correlates of adopting honor cultures.  Parents in honor cultures are typically authoritarian. 
    
  • Is strongly adapted across a meta-ethnic frontier according to Turchin.  
  • Across Europe was shaped by the Carolingian empire. 
    
  • Can provide varying levels of support for innovation.  
  • Produces consciousness according to Dennet. 
    
  . 
  
• Remind's Brett Kopf, who has A.D.H.D. is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, a chronic condition including hyperactivity, impulsiveness and low attention.  Dopamine response profiles to temporal discounting tasks are abnormal for ADHD sufferers.  Imaging studies show differences in the brains of ADHD sufferers.  Stimulants have been found to have a calming effect on ADHD sufferers.  However, overdiagnosis seems likely, with a strong correlation of diagnosis to age at time of school admission!  Causally associated factors include:
  • Family history
  • Genetics
  • May be influenced by high doses of Tylenol during pregnancy (Sep 2016). 
    
  • Environmental factors - a consistant daily schedule, praise for good behavior, clear bondaries, enough sleep and limiting distractions are all part of behavioral therapy for ADHD.  
    
  • CNS developmental problems.   
  and is dyslexic, leveraged OKR objectives to help him and the organization focus, and enable teachers to use Remind's communication platform to support children in achieving their learning goals. 
  
• Nuna's cofounder Jini Kim is helping to effectively expand Medicaid is the state-federal program for the poor.  Originally part of Lyndon Johnson's 1965 Bill, eligibility and services vary by state.  Medicaid currently pays less for care than Medicare, resulting in many care providers refusing to participate in the program.  Less than 10 percent of Medicaid recipients, those in long-term care including nursing homes where 64% are dependent on Medicaid, use one-third of all Medicaid spending which is a problem.  The ACA's Medicaid expansion program, made state optional by the SCOTUS decision, was initially taken up by fifty percent of states.  As of 2016 it covers 70 million Americans at a federal cost of $350 billion a year.  In 2017 it pays for 40% of new US births. 
  , for her autistic is a major hereditary mental disorder that starts before age three.  Autistics do not attribute minds to other people.  They almost never pretend.  They can't explain the difference between an instance of an object and a memory of it.  Autism occurs in every country and social class.  It lasts a lifetime.  It has genetic and neurological causes.  The genes: SHANK3, CDH10; are involved but account for a very small percentage of the risk.  Facial gaze studies indicate a high genetic influence and an opportunity to identify more genes associated with autism (Jul 2017).  ASD is associated with a reduced fusiform face area response.  Tests [in development] for autism include: SynapDx's blood test. 
  brother and all other compromised or poor Americans, with the help of OKRs to build focus. 
  
• MyFitnessPal's cofounder, Mike Lee, found OKRs encourage networks that connect an organization's work, and with alignment the impact of the top line goals are amplified.  That allowed Mike and brother Albert to cope with the exponential increase in use of their smartphone app.  The company grew, setting up multiple products and layers, and eventually introduced a process to check dependencies of different parts of the organization and provide coordination.  Experience and
  Walter Shewhart's iterative development process is found in many complex adaptive systems (CAS).  The mechanism is reviewed and its value in coping with random events is explained. 
  
  Shewhart cycles improved the
  To benefit from shifts in the environment agents must be flexible.  Being sensitive to environmental signals agents who adjust strategic priorities can constrain their competitors. 
  
  flexibility of their process and the effectiveness of the OKRs.  But with MyFitnessPal's purchase by Under Armour, two goal setting processes had to merge.  Mike:
• Had a boss to align with
• Was responsible for a newly formed "Connected Fitness" division, with three extra apps to coordinate.  Lots of dependencies quickly developed, but with little alignment in the far larger division. 
  
• Had to cope with two different company cultures; used customer needs, vision, & OKRs, to generate alignment, shared understanding, enable prioritization, and drive focus on what mattered.  
• Intuit's Atticus Tysen, describes using OKRs to help the IT department migrate to the cloud as the overall company transformed from a US software product company to a global application platform.  All 600 IT people tackle 2,500 active objectives each quarter.  Half of the goals are aligned with goals of more senior leaders.  Employees check their manager's OKRs seven times per quarter, helping ensure they align with the company mission.  Tysen used transparency to ensure the whole company understood IT's priorities and constraints.  Global teams must work asynchronously, so IT adopted and deployed: Slack, Google Docs, Box, BlueJeans; so the whole company can focus on its work, as alignment melted away geographic boundaries.  Tysen considers the OKR process as dynamic with priorities changing over time.  Instead of integrating teams through programs, transparent OKRs mean engineers now link to each other's objectives across teams, when that is what is needed. 
  
• Gates Foundation's Patty Stonesifer gained focus and time for Bill & Melinda Gates to track the strategic effectiveness of the foundation's high value complex investments and iteratively adjust. 
• Lumeris's Andrew Cole transformed the company culture to enable company wide use of OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  s & CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations or in OKR terminology it is Conversations: about optimizing performance, Feedback: in all directions to evaluate progress and guide improvement, Recognition of individuals for their contributions.  s
• Adobe's Donna Morris replaces annual performance reviews, with continuous performance management, and voluntary attrition dropped sharply. 
• Zume Pizza's cofounders Julia Collins & Alex Garden leverage OKRs & CFRs to help the organization continuously improve its: Discipline, Engagement, Transparency, Teamwork, Conversations, Culture is how we do and think about things, transmitted by non-genetic means as defined by Frans de Waal.  CAS theory views cultures as operating via memetic schemata evolved by memetic operators to support a cultural superorganism.  Evolutionary psychology asserts that human culture reflects adaptations generated while hunting and gathering.  Dehaene views culture as essentially human, shaped by exaptations and reading, transmitted with support of the neuronal workspace and stabilized by neuronal recycling.  Sapolsky argues that parents must show children how to transform their genetically derived capabilities into a culturally effective toolset.  He is interested in the broad differences across cultures of: Life expectancy, GDP, Death in childbirth, Violence, Chronic bullying, Gender equality, Happiness, Response to cheating, Individualist or collectivist, Enforcing honor, Approach to hierarchy; illustrating how different a person's life will be depending on the culture where they are raised.  Culture:
  • Is deployed during pregnancy & childhood, with parental mediation.  Nutrients, immune messages and hormones all affect the prenatal brain.  Hormones: Testosterone with anti-Mullerian hormone masculinizes the brain by entering target cells and after conversion to estrogen binding to intracellular estrogen receptors; have organizational effects producing lifelong changes.  Parenting style typically produces adults who adopt the same approach.  And mothering style can alter gene regulation in the fetus in ways that transfer epigenetically to future generations!  PMS symptoms vary by culture. 
    
  • Is also significantly transmitted to children by their peers during play.  So parents try to control their children's peer group.  
  • Is transmitted to children by their neighborhoods, tribes, nations etc. 
    
  • Influences the parenting style that is considered appropriate. 
    
  • Can transform dominance into honor.  There are ecological correlates of adopting honor cultures.  Parents in honor cultures are typically authoritarian. 
    
  • Is strongly adapted across a meta-ethnic frontier according to Turchin.  
  • Across Europe was shaped by the Carolingian empire. 
    
  • Can provide varying levels of support for innovation.  
  • Produces consciousness according to Dennet. 
    
  , and Leaders aims to develop plans and strategies which ensure effective coordination to improve the common good of the in-group.  John Adair developed a leadership methodology based on the three-circles model. 
  . 
  
• Bono, cofounder at ONE Campaign --which aims to catalyze a nonpartisan, grassroots, activist coalition, to improve public policy towards extreme poverty & preventable disease-- uses OKR is objectives and key results, Intel CEO Andy Grove's methodology for leveraging goals and strategies.  Key results are: specific, time-bound, measurable & verifiable.  They are expected to change as the actions proceed.  The OKR framework is a main subject of John Doerr's book Measure What Matters. 
  s to transform culture is how we do and think about things, transmitted by non-genetic means as defined by Frans de Waal.  CAS theory views cultures as operating via memetic schemata evolved by memetic operators to support a cultural superorganism.  Evolutionary psychology asserts that human culture reflects adaptations generated while hunting and gathering.  Dehaene views culture as essentially human, shaped by exaptations and reading, transmitted with support of the neuronal workspace and stabilized by neuronal recycling.  Sapolsky argues that parents must show children how to transform their genetically derived capabilities into a culturally effective toolset.  He is interested in the broad differences across cultures of: Life expectancy, GDP, Death in childbirth, Violence, Chronic bullying, Gender equality, Happiness, Response to cheating, Individualist or collectivist, Enforcing honor, Approach to hierarchy; illustrating how different a person's life will be depending on the culture where they are raised.  Culture:
  • Is deployed during pregnancy & childhood, with parental mediation.  Nutrients, immune messages and hormones all affect the prenatal brain.  Hormones: Testosterone with anti-Mullerian hormone masculinizes the brain by entering target cells and after conversion to estrogen binding to intracellular estrogen receptors; have organizational effects producing lifelong changes.  Parenting style typically produces adults who adopt the same approach.  And mothering style can alter gene regulation in the fetus in ways that transfer epigenetically to future generations!  PMS symptoms vary by culture. 
    
  • Is also significantly transmitted to children by their peers during play.  So parents try to control their children's peer group.  
  • Is transmitted to children by their neighborhoods, tribes, nations etc. 
    
  • Influences the parenting style that is considered appropriate. 
    
  • Can transform dominance into honor.  There are ecological correlates of adopting honor cultures.  Parents in honor cultures are typically authoritarian. 
    
  • Is strongly adapted across a meta-ethnic frontier according to Turchin.  
  • Across Europe was shaped by the Carolingian empire. 
    
  • Can provide varying levels of support for innovation.  
  • Produces consciousness according to Dennet. 
    
  from the top.  High minded aid is problematic.  ONE had to bring the aid recipients into the governance process, and focus on the real problems.  It was easy to have too many goals.  OKRs allowed ONE to integrate a process that encouraged focus, while supporting: risk, is an assessment of the likelihood of an independent problem occurring.  It can be assigned an accurate probability since it is independent of other variables in the system.  As such it is different from uncertainty. 
  , trust and distrust are evolved responses to sham emotions.  During a friendship where no sham emotions have been detected trust will build up. 
  , passion; with effective strategies. 
  

• Goal formulation in a
  This page introduces the complex adaptive system (CAS) theory frame.  The theory is positioned relative to the natural sciences.  It catalogs the laws and strategies which underpin the operation of systems that are based on the interaction of emergent agents. 
  John Holland's framework for representing complexity is outlined.  Links to other key aspects of CAS theory discussed at the site are presented. 
  
  CAS is discussed by
  Dietrich Dorner argues complex adaptive systems (CAS) are hard to understand and manage.  He provides examples of how this feature of these systems can have disastrous consequences for their human managers.  Dorner suggests this is due to CAS properties psychological impact on our otherwise successful mental strategic toolkit.  To prepare to more effectively manage CAS, Dorner recommends use of:
  

  • Effective iterative planning and
    
  • Practice with complex scenario simulations; tools which he reviews.   
  Dorner.  

• This page reviews the implications of selection, variation and heredity in a complex adaptive system (CAS).  The mechanism and its emergence are discussed. 
  
  Evolution
  Richard Dawkin's explores how nature has created implementations of designs, without any need for planning or design, through the accumulation of small advantageous changes. 
  
  operates by gathering together, & tagging, recipes of helpful strategic actions.  Grove & Doerr recognize that, to build a focused operational
  Plans are interpreted and implemented by agents.  This page discusses the properties of agents in a complex adaptive system (CAS). 
  It then presents examples of agents in different CAS.  The examples include a computer program where modeling and actions are performed by software agents.  These software agents are aggregates. 
  The participation of agents in flows is introduced and some implications of this are outlined. 
  
  agent (startup) to achieve a VC is venture capital, venture companies invest in startups with intangable assets
  funded goal, they can leverage the skill set already present in their carefully selected teams of entrepreneurs and engineers.  And this has the added benefit of avoiding Taylorism or scientific management was advocated by Fredrick Taylor.  He viewed operatives as machines that were to follow precise instructions optimized by designers.  Deming followers such as Toyota rejected this approach and improved quality and cost management by training the operatives and treating them as skilled 'agents' who were key to detecting problems and improving the processes they participated in. 
  .  But for their approach to extend to the
  This page reviews the implications of reproduction initially generating a single child cell.  The mechanism and resulting strategic options are discussed. 
  
  general case, of any company, the
  Plans emerge in complex adaptive systems (CAS) to provide the instructions that agents use to perform actions.  The component architecture and structure of the plans is reviewed. 
  
  schematic 'recipes' must be:
  
• Captured, and
  
• Tagged so they can be
  The agents in complex adaptive systems (CAS) must model their environment to respond effectively to it.  Samuel modeling is described as an approach. 
  
  modeled and reused.  
• Pinker
  Computational theory of the mind and evolutionary psychology provide Steven Pinker with a framework on which to develop his psychological arguments about the mind and its relationship to the brain.  Humans captured a cognitive niche by natural selection 'building out' specialized aspects of their bodies and brains resulting in a system of mental organs we call the mind. 
  
  He garnishes and defends the framework with findings from psychology regarding: The visual system - an example of natural selections solutions to the sensory challenges of inverse modeling of our environment; Intensions - where he highlights the challenges of hunter gatherers - making sense of the objects they perceive and predicting what they imply and natural selections powerful solutions; Emotions - which Pinker argues are essential to human prioritizing and decision making; Relationships - natural selection's strategies for coping with the most dangerous competitors, other people.  He helps us understand marriage, friendships and war. 
  
  These conclusions allow him to understand the development and maintenance of higher callings: Art, Music, Literature, Humor, Religion, & Philosophy; and develop a position on the meaning of life. 
  
  Complex adaptive system (CAS) modeling allows RSS to frame Pinker's arguments within humanity's current situation, induced by powerful evolved amplifiers: Globalization, Cliodynamics, The green revolution and resource bottlenecks; melding his powerful predictions of the drivers of human behavior with system wide constraints.  The implications are discussed. 
  
  
  explains how the human mind reflects the influence of the cognitive niche is Tooby & DeVore's theory that reflects a flexible competitive strategy, described by Steven Pinker, which leverages the power and flexibility of intelligence to defeat the capabilities of genetically evolved specialists focused on specific niches.  .   
• We relate more easily to winning than to science.  
• We are provided by
  This page reviews the implications of selection, variation and heredity in a complex adaptive system (CAS).  The mechanism and its emergence are discussed. 
  
  evolution with mental strategies for:
  
• Reasoning about our proximate environment,
  
• Reacting rapidly when necessary,
  
• Coping with other humans
  
• Judging the success of networks of actions is a complex problem, which Holland and Samuel studied.  
• Holland notes the critical nature of modeling in "extracting regularities from incidental and irrelevant details."  And he describes the
  The page discusses the search dilemma.  It describes how evolution solves the dilemma.  It introduces some problems that impact non evolutionary searches and suggests some strategies for such situations. 
  
  search dilemma. 
  
• Samuel's
  The agents in complex adaptive systems (CAS) must model their environment to respond effectively to it.  Samuel modeling is described as an approach. 
  
  modeling framework introduced the prioritization strategy used by
  Isaacson uses the historic development of the global cloud of web services to explore Ada Lovelace's ideas about thinking machines and poetic science.  He highlights the value of computer augmented human creativity and the need for liberal arts to fulfill the process. 
  Complex adaptive system (CAS) models of agent networks and collaboration are discussed. 
  
  
  AI systems.  
• When
  This page introduces the complex adaptive system (CAS) theory frame.  The theory is positioned relative to the natural sciences.  It catalogs the laws and strategies which underpin the operation of systems that are based on the interaction of emergent agents. 
  John Holland's framework for representing complexity is outlined.  Links to other key aspects of CAS theory discussed at the site are presented. 
  
  CAS fitness benefits from faster response to complex signals, the CAS can leverage
  Representing state in emergent entities is essential but difficult.  Various structures are used to enhance the rate and scope of state transitions.  Examples are discussed. 
  
  structurally enhanced state.  The human cerebellum is involved with the efficiency of fine movement. It modulates the force and range of motion and is involved in motor coordination and the learning of motor skills.  Damage to the cerebellum impairs standing, walking, or performance of coordinated movements. A virtuoso pianist or other performing musician depends on their cerebellum.  The cerebellum receives visual, auditory, vestibular, and somatosensory information.  It also receives information about individual muscular movements being directed by the brain.  The cerebellum integrates this information and modifies the motor outflow, exerting a coordinating and smoothing effect on the movements.  However, patients born without a cerebellum have survived reasonably well.  The cerebellum is part of the implicit learning mechanism.  It is required for the rabbit eye-blink to be classically conditioned to respond to a sound, and puff of air (threat to eye).  It integrates the sound and puff and outputs the response to the motor area (blink).
  allows practiced responses to signal sets to be habitualized.  Analogously culture is how we do and think about things, transmitted by non-genetic means as defined by Frans de Waal.  CAS theory views cultures as operating via memetic schemata evolved by memetic operators to support a cultural superorganism.  Evolutionary psychology asserts that human culture reflects adaptations generated while hunting and gathering.  Dehaene views culture as essentially human, shaped by exaptations and reading, transmitted with support of the neuronal workspace and stabilized by neuronal recycling.  Sapolsky argues that parents must show children how to transform their genetically derived capabilities into a culturally effective toolset.  He is interested in the broad differences across cultures of: Life expectancy, GDP, Death in childbirth, Violence, Chronic bullying, Gender equality, Happiness, Response to cheating, Individualist or collectivist, Enforcing honor, Approach to hierarchy; illustrating how different a person's life will be depending on the culture where they are raised.  Culture:
  • Is deployed during pregnancy & childhood, with parental mediation.  Nutrients, immune messages and hormones all affect the prenatal brain.  Hormones: Testosterone with anti-Mullerian hormone masculinizes the brain by entering target cells and after conversion to estrogen binding to intracellular estrogen receptors; have organizational effects producing lifelong changes.  Parenting style typically produces adults who adopt the same approach.  And mothering style can alter gene regulation in the fetus in ways that transfer epigenetically to future generations!  PMS symptoms vary by culture. 
    
  • Is also significantly transmitted to children by their peers during play.  So parents try to control their children's peer group.  
  • Is transmitted to children by their neighborhoods, tribes, nations etc. 
    
  • Influences the parenting style that is considered appropriate. 
    
  • Can transform dominance into honor.  There are ecological correlates of adopting honor cultures.  Parents in honor cultures are typically authoritarian. 
    
  • Is strongly adapted across a meta-ethnic frontier according to Turchin.  
  • Across Europe was shaped by the Carolingian empire. 
    
  • Can provide varying levels of support for innovation.  
  • Produces consciousness according to Dennet. 
    
  can assist individual, company and society level
  Plans are interpreted and implemented by agents.  This page discusses the properties of agents in a complex adaptive system (CAS). 
  It then presents examples of agents in different CAS.  The examples include a computer program where modeling and actions are performed by software agents.  These software agents are aggregates. 
  The participation of agents in flows is introduced and some implications of this are outlined. 
  
  agents with making accurate rapid responses.  
• RSS is Rob's Strategy Studio agrees with Doerr's judgment that there is
  The productivity of complex adaptive system (CAS) is reviewed highlighting the most significant variables.  The CAS and classical economic approaches are compared.  Important CAS aspects are highlighted:
  

  • CAS reflect the history of all the events of the network of agents and their environment 
  • The relevant economic history is reviewed demonstrating the contribution of power, politics, war...
    
  • Chemical structures capture and preserve important recipes that allow agents to increase search/operational effectiveness and wealth & the system to be robust
    
  • Environment matched to system strategy: Superorganism and beetle
    
  • Cliodynamic models of historical agent networks allows a realistic assessment of productivity over a full network cycle 
  • The models must be matched to the proximate environment 
  • Internal failures of the agent network
    
  • Existential threats to the agent network 

  Human agents must dedicate: focus, time, coherence and skills; to productively generate wealth. 
  
  CAS level productivity improvements are due to:

  • Meta ideas that can be reused and recombined 
  • Distribution of these ideas allow parallel searching
    
  • Isolated agents can be integrated into the current network during each growth phase, but cliodynamic assessments show agents are dropped again from the network during the decline phase of the cycle 
  • Network effects and leverage of power drive productivity improvements. 
    

  Human agent level productivity
  

  • Agent level productivity improvements of significance
  • More time: Increased light, reduced moving & travelling, quicker & better eating, reduced rework, motivated & effective 
  • Broader utilization with adoption of standards & undermining of monopoly constraints
    
  • Weapons & armor
    
  • Power available: Driving flows & actions in required direction
    
  • Iterative theory & practice
    
  • Infrastructure & tools: catalytic reduction in cost of repeated operations
    
  • Agent level productivity improvements of limited effect
    
  significant potential for productivity improvement.  In part these improvements come from learning based on careful observation and iterative improvement:
  
• Learn additional applicable memetic schemata.  This is the essence of effective education and training.  Darwin and Leonardo da Vinci integrated additional observations and discoveries into their personal, iteratively improving, sets of memetic recipes, organized in a common place, a format of note book where multiple areas of interest were recorded, described, cross referenced, and iteratively developed over a period of time.  Steven Johnson explains how the idea of a common place book inspired Tim Berners-Lee's design for the world-wide-web.  Walter Isaacson notes Leonardo da Vinci's use of a 'zibaldone' or common place book.  Charles Darwin also used the format in his note books. 
  format.  Vannevar Bush was a professor of engineering -- dean of the MIT School of Engineering, a founder while a student of Raytheon and the top science administrator to President F.D. Roosevelt.  He developed the Differential Analyzer, encouraged Claude Shannon to study genetics, promoted the education-industrial-military complex arguing university and industrial labs should be contracted to develop government research and set the vision of the World Wide Web with his Atlantic article 'As We May Think' outlining the memex. 
  & Robert Millikan demonstrate how brokering ideas from academic networks can support formation of
  Good ideas are successful because they build upon prior developments that have been successfully implemented.  Johnson demonstrates that they are phenotypic expressions of memetic plans subject to the laws of complex adaptive systems (CAS). 
  
  good ideas.  Learning is undermined when:
  
• The
  Plans emerge in complex adaptive systems (CAS) to provide the instructions that agents use to perform actions.  The component architecture and structure of the plans is reviewed. 
  
  schematic strategies are misaligned with the newly accessible niches
  
• The
  Plans emerge in complex adaptive systems (CAS) to provide the instructions that agents use to perform actions.  The component architecture and structure of the plans is reviewed. 
  
  schematic structures aren't broadly replicated is Richard Dawkin's name for the genotype since it has the evolutionary goal of surviving long enough to reproduce its schematic plan effectively.  The action of genetic operators means that the results of successful reproduction may be different to the parental genotypes and phenotypes (Dawkin's vehicle). 
  and distributed to the next generation, as in the case of Leonardo. 
  
• Education policies discourage effective meme driven adaptability and
  To benefit from shifts in the environment agents must be flexible.  Being sensitive to environmental signals agents who adjust strategic priorities can constrain their competitors. 
  
  flexibility.  
• The cost of education:
  
• Constrains the flows of agents through the network,
  
• Traps lower performers in debt or
  
• Drives them to collapse and
  
• Teaches the agents to reject and fear the framework
  
• Visibility of plans, including: goal networks; supports alignment, as Doerr repeatedly stresses.  In single focus startups, it is likely that visibility will be particularly helpful.  In larger organizations targeting multiple niche markets it is probable that conflicting goals will occur (Aug 2018).  It can be difficult to sustain these visible conflicting goals due to the power of
  This page reviews the inhibiting effect of the value delivery system on the expression of new phenotypic effects within an agent. 
  
  extended phenotypic alignment.  And Apple's Jony Ive had to hide emerging ideas from Steve Jobs, until they had grown strong enough to defend themselves.  
• CAS use
  Plans emerge in complex adaptive systems (CAS) to provide the instructions that agents use to perform actions.  The component architecture and structure of the plans is reviewed. 
  
  schematic plans: DNA (DNA), a polymer composed of a chain of deoxy ribose sugars with purine or pyrimidine side chains.  DNA naturally forms into helical pairs with the side chains stacked in the center of the helix.  It is a natural form of schematic string.  The purines and pyrimidines couple so that AT and GC pairs make up the stackable items.  A code of triplets of base pairs (enabling 64 separate items to be named) has evolved which now redundantly represents each of the 20 amino-acids that are deployed into proteins, along with triplets representing the termination sequence.  Chemical modifications and histone binding (chromatin) allow cells to represent state directly on the DNA schema.  To cope with inconsistencies in the cell wide state second messenger and evolved amplification strategies are used. 
  , Scientific papers, US legislation; to support both execution by agents and
  This page reviews the implications of selection, variation and heredity in a complex adaptive system (CAS).  The mechanism and its emergence are discussed. 
  
  evolution of: agents, the distributed plans, and the CAS. 
  
• Doerr, following Grove, promotes
  This page introduces some problems that make it hard for a business to execute effectively. 
  It then presents a theory of execution. 
  It describes what the theory says must be done to execute effectively. 
  It reviews General Electric's use of adaptive planning to support effective execution. 
  Then it details the execution requirements. 
  
  execution over
  Good ideas are successful because they build upon prior developments that have been successfully implemented.  Johnson demonstrates that they are phenotypic expressions of memetic plans subject to the laws of complex adaptive systems (CAS). 
  
  ideas, but while this makes sense in their local environment, VC is venture capital, venture companies invest in startups with intangable assets
  funded technology startups -- which is a rich niche with a competitive middle game occurring in it, that emerged from AT&T's
  A government sanctioned monopoly supported the construction of a superorganism American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T).  Within this Bell Labs was at the center of three networks:
  

  1. The evolving global scientific network. 
     
  2. The Bell telephone network.  And
     
  3. The military industrial network deploying 'fire and missile control' systems. 

  Bell Labs strategically leveraged each network to create an innovation engine. 
  They monitored the opportunities to leverage the developing ideas, reorganizing to replace incumbent opposition and enable the creation and growth of new ideas. 
  Once the monopoly was dismantled, AT&T disrupted. 
  Complex adaptive system (CAS) models of the innovation mechanisms are discussed. 
  
  
  transformational 'opening' contribution -- other situations will benefit from the strategic search and application of new knowledge and other wealth is schematically useful information and its equivalent, schematically useful energy, to paraphrase Beinhocker.  It is useful because an agent has schematic strategies that can utilize the information or energy to extend or leverage control of the cognitive niche.   . 
  

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